On This Page:ToggleStagesGeiselman (1985)Cognitive Interview Evaluation On This Page:Toggle On This Page: Findings concerning the unreliability of eyewitnessaccountshave led researchers to attempt to devise methods for improving retrieval. One of these methods is the cognitive interview (Fisher & Geiselman, 1992). Geiselman et al. (1985) developed the Cognitive Interview (CI) as an alternative to the Standard Interview.It takes into account psychological findings about cue-dependent forgetting and has four stages designed to stimulate as many cues as possible in order to maximize different retrieval routes....

According to Tulving (1974), when we learn information, we also encode details about the environment in which we learned the information and the physical and emotional state we are in at the time. Tulving suggested that information about the physical surroundings (external context) and about the physical or psychological state of the learner (internal context) is stored at the same time as information is learned. Context-dependent forgetting can occur when the environment during recall is different from the environment you were in when you were learning....

On This Page:ToggleAnxiety / StressReconstructive MemoryWeapon Focus On This Page:Toggle On This Page: For example, they may be required to describe a trial of a robbery or a road accident someone has seen. This includes the identification of perpetrators, details of the crime scene, etc. Eyewitness testimony is an important area of research in cognitive psychology and human memory. Anxiety / Stress This means that for tasks of moderate complexity (such as EWT), performance increases with stress up to an optimal point where it starts to decline....

On This Page:ToggleExampleEmpirical EvidenceCritical Evaluation On This Page:Toggle On This Page: The fundamental attribution error (also known as correspondence bias or over-attribution effect) is the tendency for people to over-emphasize dispositional or personality-based explanations for behaviors observed in others while under-emphasizing situational explanations. In other words, people have acognitive biasto assume that a person’s actions depend on what “kind” of person that person is rather than on the social and environmental forces that influence the person....

On This Page:ToggleCloth Mother vs. Wire MotherMonkeys Reared in IsolationConclusionsImpact of Harlow’s Research On This Page:Toggle On This Page: These infants depended highly on their mothers for nutrition, protection, comfort, and socialization. What, exactly, though, was the basis of the bond? Thelearning theory of attachmentsuggests that an infant would form an attachment with a carer who provides food. In contrast, Harlow explained that attachment develops due to the mother providing “tactile comfort,” suggesting that infants have an innate (biological) need to touch and cling to something for emotional comfort....

On This Page:ToggleTrace Decay Theory of ForgettingDisplacement from STMInterference TheoryLack of ConsolidationRetrieval Failure TheoryContext (external) CuesState (internal) Dependent Cues On This Page:Toggle On This Page: The Psychology of Forgetting and Why Memory Fails Why do we forget? There are two simple answers to this question. First, the memory has disappeared – it is no longer available. Second, the memory is still stored in the memory system but, for some reason, it cannot be retrieved....

On This Page:ToggleTypes of ConformityWhy Do People Conform?Conformity ExamplesNon Conformity On This Page:Toggle On This Page: Conformity is a type of social influence involving a change in belief or behavior in order to fit in with a group. This change is in response to real (involving the physical presence of others) or imagined (involving the pressure of social norms/expectations) group pressure. Conformity can also be simply defined as “yielding to group pressures” (Crutchfield, 1955)....

There is a long history of experimentation on animals and many new drugs and cosmetics were first tested on non-humans to see what their effects were. If there were no obvious harmful side effects then human trials would often follow. For example the behaviorists argued that the laws of learning were the same for all species.Pavlov’s(1897/1902) studies of classical conditioning in dogs and Skinner’s studies ofoperant conditioningin rats are therefore seen as providing insights into human psychology....

On This Page:ToggleFoot in the Door TechniqueDoor-in-the-Face TechniqueLow-Ball TechniqueLearning Check On This Page:Toggle On This Page: Compliance is a type of social influence where an individual does what someone else wants them to do, following his or her request or suggestion. It is similar toobedience, but there is no order – only a request. (Kassin, Fein, & Markus, 2011, p. 271) Foot in the Door Technique The foot-in-the-door technique is a compliance tactic that assumes agreeing to a small request increases the likelihood of agreeing to a second, larger request....

On This Page:ToggleABC Model of AttitudeAffective ComponentBehavioral ComponentCognitive ComponentAttitude StrengthPrinciple of Consistency On This Page:Toggle On This Page: An attitude is “a relatively enduring organization of beliefs, feelings, and behavioral tendencies towards socially significant objects, groups, events or symbols” (Hogg & Vaughan 2005, p. 150) ABC Model of Attitude The ABC Model of Attitudes, also known as the tri-component model, is a framework in psychology that describes 3 components of attitudes (Eagly & Chaiken 1998):...

On This Page:ToggleDispositional vs Situational AttributionJones & Davis Correspondent Inference TheoryKelley’s Covariation Model On This Page:Toggle On This Page: Attribution theory is concerned with how ordinary people explain the causes of behavior and events. For example, is someone angry because they are bad-tempered or because something bad happened? “Attribution theory deals with how the social perceiver uses information to arrive at causal explanations for events. It examines what information is gathered and how it is combined to form a causal judgment”....

An endless array of internal and external stimuli, thoughts, and emotions constantly bombards us. Given this abundance of available data, it is amazing that we make sense of anything! In varying degrees of efficiency, we have developed the ability to focus on what is important while blocking out the rest. What is Selective Attention? Selective attention is the process of directing our awareness to relevant stimuli while ignoring irrelevant stimuli in the environment....

On This Page:ToggleNormative InfluenceInformational InfluenceLearning Check On This Page:Toggle On This Page: Deutsch and Gerrard (1955) identified two reasons whypeople conform: Normative Influence Normative social influence is where a person conforms to fit in with the group because they don’t want to appear foolish or be left out. Normative social influence is usually associated with compliance, where a person changes their public behavior but not their private beliefs. This means any change of behavior is temporary....

On This Page:ToggleDefinitions of AbnormalityThe Biological Approach to OCDCognitive Approach to DepressionBehavioral Approach to PhobiasWhat do the examiners look for? On This Page:Toggle On This Page: Psychopathology refers to the study of mental disorders in terms of their causes, development, course, classification, and treatment. Psychopathology describes a wide array of mental health conditions, including but not limited to depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and various personality disorders.Understanding and studying psychopathology is a crucial part of diagnosing and treating these mental health disorders....

Note:The branded medication Buspar has been discontinued. However, its generic counterpart (Buspirone) is available. Though it’s been discontinued, people still refer to Buspirone casually as Buspar. Buspar prescription onlineGet an evaluation and prescription for Buspar from a psychiatric provider licensed in your state.Get started Buspar prescription onlineGet an evaluation and prescription for Buspar from a psychiatric provider licensed in your state. Buspar prescription online Get an evaluation and prescription for Buspar from a psychiatric provider licensed in your state....