Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsHow to KnowSymptomsCauses of Teenage DepressionWhen to Seek Help for Teen DepressionEvaluationHow to Help a Teenager With DepressionTreatmentsTeen Depression and Suicide Risk
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
How to Know
Symptoms
Causes of Teenage Depression
When to Seek Help for Teen Depression
Evaluation
How to Help a Teenager With Depression
Treatments
Teen Depression and Suicide Risk
Close
Cases ofteenage depressionhave almost doubled in the U.S., increasing from 8.1% in 2009 to 15.8% in 2020.This makes it important for those of us with adolescents in our lives—whether our own kids, teenaged family members, children of friends, or kids in the neighborhood—to know how to help a teenager with depression.
Getting help begins with recognizing depression symptoms and understanding some of the potential causes of this mental health condition. The next step is knowing when to seek help and who to reach out to. We’ll cover all of this here.
At a GlanceTeenage depression has several causes and often appears in the form of social withdrawal, trouble sleeping, and changes in appetite. Seeking help if depression is suspected is important because, if left untreated, it can lead to other issues. Reaching out to a physician or mental health professional is a good place to start. Talking with the teen about depression and its treatment can be beneficial as well.
At a Glance
Teenage depression has several causes and often appears in the form of social withdrawal, trouble sleeping, and changes in appetite. Seeking help if depression is suspected is important because, if left untreated, it can lead to other issues. Reaching out to a physician or mental health professional is a good place to start. Talking with the teen about depression and its treatment can be beneficial as well.
Is It Teenage Depression?
Teens with depression can experience significantemotional pain, sometimes even feeling pain physically.Yet, they may not know how to make it better or find the help they need.
Only a physician or mental health professional candiagnose teen depression, assessing the symptoms and their severity to develop an effective treatment plan.That said, parents are usually in the best position to start the process, which begins with recognizing that depression may exist.
If you or a loved one are struggling with depression, contact theSubstance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helplineat1-800-662-4357for information on support and treatment facilities in your area.For more mental health resources, see ourNational Helpline Database.
If you or a loved one are struggling with depression, contact theSubstance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helplineat1-800-662-4357for information on support and treatment facilities in your area.
For more mental health resources, see ourNational Helpline Database.
An Overview of Teen Depression
Symptoms of Depression in Teens
Depression can show up differently in teens than it does in adults.It can also be hard to differentiate this mental health condition from the normalmood swingsexperienced during puberty or typical teen angst.
In addition to sadness, symptoms of teenage depression can include:
If you or a loved one are having suicidal thoughts, contact theNational Suicide Prevention Lifelineat988for support and assistance from a trained counselor. If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call 911.For more mental health resources, see ourNational Helpline Database.
If you or a loved one are having suicidal thoughts, contact theNational Suicide Prevention Lifelineat988for support and assistance from a trained counselor. If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call 911.
Even though it’s one of the most common mental health disorders for kids in this age group, teenage depression often goes undetected.Its symptoms are sometimes ignored until something serious happens, such as a suicide attempt or engaging inhigh-risk behaviors.
Risk Factors and Warning Signs of Suicide
The teen years are often a period of physical, emotional, and social upheaval. This alone can cause mood swings and depressed moods. But what causesclinical depressionin teens?
Several factors can play a role in the development of depression in adolescents, including:
Sometimes the teen can help shine a light on what could be contributing to their depression. Even if they don’t know, talking to them will help keep the lines of communication open while they are working through their depression.
It’s important to seek help if teenage depression is suspected because it typicallydoesn’t go away on its own. This mental health condition can last for several months if untreated, potentially causing the teen to miss certain developmental milestones.
The child’s pediatrician can also check for other medical conditions that might be contributing to the teen’s symptoms. Children who are diagnosed with depression often have co-occurring chronic physical and mental health conditions, as well as having unmet mental and medical services needs.
It may not be depression, but any long-term changes in the teen’s functioning suggest a serious problem that must be identified and addressed. It’s always best to err on the side of caution when the possibility of teen depression exists because this condition can worsen, possibly leading to a suicide attempt.
If the teen has had a noticeable shift in their mood, behavior, or personality, seek professional help to explore the reasons behind these changes.
The Process for Evaluating Teenage Depression
To begin the evaluation process, the teen’s parent or guardian can schedule an assessment with a medical doctor ormental health professional. Ideally, this professional should specialize in working with teenagers.The teen’s pediatrician can be a good first step.
What Evaluation Might Look Like
A professional can evaluate the teen’s health, make a diagnosis, recommend treatments, and refer them to another professional, if necessary. How they do this can vary.
A therapist who specializes in treating teens evaluates the symptoms based on talks with the teen and family members. They then come up with specific recommendations that are the most likely to help the teen.
The evaluation process can take time. Help the teen understand that determining effective therapies and medications can be a trial-and-error process, and it might take several tries to find the best treatment plan for them.
People who are experiencing depression often don’t want to seek help; they might beg, get upset, or become violent when getting help is suggested.Even if they provide resistance, working with a mental health professional or physician is crucial. There are also a few things we can do to help.
Learn About Depression
If a teen that we care about is diagnosed with depression, it’s important to educate ourselves about this condition. This enables us to better understand what they may be going through. It also puts us in a better position tohelp them navigate teenage mental illness.
The teens themselves can also be a good source of information. Be available to listen to how they feel and what they are experiencing. Encourage the teen to talk about anything that’s bothering them.
Help the Teen Understand Depression
Explaining what is known about depression can help a teen better understandtheir symptomsand grasp the importance of treatment. Sharing how common it is can also help them not feel alone or abnormal if they have this condition.
An example of what to say: “Depression is a mental illness. It’s like the flu and other illnesses in that it can make you feel tired or have a headache. It can also affect your moods and feelings, potentially making you feel sad, lonely, frustrated, angry, or scared.”
Let Them Know What to Expect
Teenagers are more likely to comply with treatment if they know what to expect, and if their expectations are positive.The unknown can be scary. So, it’s helpful to give them some idea of what their treatment plan may look like, as well as why it’s important for them to do their part.
An example of what to say: “Taking your medicine every day and going to therapy once a week is important to helping you feel better. You can talk privately to your therapist about how you are feeling. Your medicine may make you feel tired or dizzy, but it should go away soon. That’s why you’ll see the doctor once a month. They will ask how the medicine is making you feel and will make sure that it’s helping you.”
Give Them Some Control
Teenagers may also be more likely to comply with treatment if they have a say in their treatment. Giving them a sense of control aids in their development while also teaching themhow to make healthy decisions.
Of course, allowing a teen to plan their own treatment isn’t practical. But letting them make small decisions can help them feel like they have more control over their lives.
An example of what to say: “Your therapist wants to see you every week. What day of the week would be best for you? Would you rather go right after school or after dinner?”
Encourage Supportive Relationships
Supportive relationships are essential for people of all ages. But they are especially important for teenagers with depression. Depression can cause teens to withdraw from friends and family, increasing their feelings of sadness, loneliness, and isolation.
An example of what to say:“I am always here to talk to you about anything. Talking to your friends can help, too. Having supportive and encouraging people to lean on is important. Talking about your feelings can make a difficult time a little bit easier. Which of your friends do you think you might be able to talk to?”
Also support the teen’s positive daily routines, such as taking their medications and eating well. Encourage healthy self-help strategies and ensure that their home is a safe, comforting place.
Address Myths
Teens may be familiar with thesocial stigma of mental illnessor have heard others say derogatory things about people will a mental health condition. Consider addressing this with them so that they don’t feel like they must hide or be ashamed of their depression diagnosis.
Remind the teen that people might not understand or be misinformed, but that is no reason to feel embarrassed or ashamed. Teenagers with depression should also know that telling people about their diagnosis is up to them, but it’s not something they need to hide.
Treatments for Teenage Depression
Teen depression is often treatable with medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of the two.Their care provider will help decide the bestindividual treatment planfor them. If suicide is a concern, the teen may need to be hospitalized to get the level of care needed to resolve this type of urge.
Medication
Psychotherapy
There are two therapeutic approaches often used to treat teenage depression:
The 7 Best Online Therapy Programs for Kids
Lifestyle Changes
In addition to professional treatment, certainlifestyle modificationscan also help teenagers with depression feel better. Ones to consider helping them implement include:
Adults sometimes mistakenly believe that talking about suicide can plant the idea in the teen’s mind. However, talking about suicide won’t give the teen ideas. Instead, addressing the topic can help them recognize when an issue exists, also helping them know what to do if they have suicidal thoughts or behaviors.
Seek immediate medical care if the teen is having suicidal thoughts or behaviors. If it’s unclear whether these thoughts or behaviors exist, it’s better to err on the side of caution. Watch forsigns of suicidal thinkingand don’t hesitate to call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at988or local emergency services if the teen may be suicidal.
24 SourcesVerywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Wilson S, Dumornay NM.Rising rate of adolescent depression in the United States: Challenges and opportunities in the 2020s.J Adolesc Health. 2022;70(3):354-355. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.12.003Noel M, Groenewald CB, Beals-erickson SE, Gebert JT, Palermo TM.Chronic pain in adolescence and internalizing mental health disorders: a nationally representative study.Pain. 2016;157(6):1333-8. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000522Mullen S.Major depressive disorder in children and adolescents.Ment Health Clin. 2018;8(6):275-283. doi:10.9740/mhc.2018.11.275American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.Depression in children and teens.National Library of Medicine.Teenage depression.Stein K, Fazel M.Depression in young people often goes undetected.Practitioner. 2015;259(1782):17-22, 2-3.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Debunking myths of teen depression.Bhatia R.Childhood depression. Anxiety and Depression Association of America.Bitsko RH, Holbrook JR, Ghandour RM, et al.Epidemiology and impact of health care provider-diagnosed anxiety and depression among US children.J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2018;39(5):395-403. doi:10.1097/DBP.0000000000000571American Academy of Pediatrics.Teen mental health: How to know when your child needs help.Ng CW, How CH, Ng YP.Major depression in primary care: making the diagnosis.Singapore Med J. 2016;57(11):591-597. doi:10.11622/smedj.2016174Shadrina M, Bondarenko EA, Slominsky PA.Genetics factors in major depression disease.Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:334. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00334Bernaras E, Jaureguizar J, Garaigordobil M.Child and adolescent depression: A review of theories, evaluation instruments, prevention programs, and treatments.Front Psychol. 2019;10:543. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00543Yu R, Aaltonen M, Branje S, et al.Depression and violence in adolescence and young adults: Findings from three longitudinal cohorts.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017;56(8):652-658.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.05.016McVicker D.5 things you can do to help your child with depression. National Alliance on Mental Illness.Kimball H.Improving treatment adherence in teens. Child Mind Institute.American Academy of Pediatrics.Helping adolescents feel in control during stressful times: Pediatric mental health minute series.Matthews T, Danese A, Wertz J, et al.Social isolation, loneliness and depression in young adulthood: a behavioural genetic analysis.Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2016;51(3):339-48. doi:10.1007/s00127-016-1178-7Hazell P.Antidepressants in adolescence.Aust Prescr. 2022;45(2):49-52. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2022.011U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Depression medicines.Fornaro M, Anastasia A, Valchera A, et al.The FDA “black box” warning on antidepressant suicide risk in young adults: More harm than benefits?Front Psychiatry. 2019;10:294. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00294Zhou X, Hetrick SE, Cuijpers P, et al.Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychotherapies for depression in children and adolescents: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.World Psychiatry. 2015;14(2):207-22. doi:10.1002/wps.20217Belvederi murri M, Ekkekakis P, Magagnoli M, et al.Physical exercise in major depression: Reducing the mortality gap while improving clinical outcomes.Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:762. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00762American Psychological Association.Talking to teens: Suicide prevention.Additional ReadingAmerican Psychiatric Association.What Is Depression?.Johns Hopkins Medicine Adolescent Depression Awareness Program.Adolescent Depression.Stanford Children’s Health.Understanding Teenage Depression.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.Get Your Teen Screened for Depression.
24 Sources
Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Wilson S, Dumornay NM.Rising rate of adolescent depression in the United States: Challenges and opportunities in the 2020s.J Adolesc Health. 2022;70(3):354-355. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.12.003Noel M, Groenewald CB, Beals-erickson SE, Gebert JT, Palermo TM.Chronic pain in adolescence and internalizing mental health disorders: a nationally representative study.Pain. 2016;157(6):1333-8. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000522Mullen S.Major depressive disorder in children and adolescents.Ment Health Clin. 2018;8(6):275-283. doi:10.9740/mhc.2018.11.275American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.Depression in children and teens.National Library of Medicine.Teenage depression.Stein K, Fazel M.Depression in young people often goes undetected.Practitioner. 2015;259(1782):17-22, 2-3.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Debunking myths of teen depression.Bhatia R.Childhood depression. Anxiety and Depression Association of America.Bitsko RH, Holbrook JR, Ghandour RM, et al.Epidemiology and impact of health care provider-diagnosed anxiety and depression among US children.J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2018;39(5):395-403. doi:10.1097/DBP.0000000000000571American Academy of Pediatrics.Teen mental health: How to know when your child needs help.Ng CW, How CH, Ng YP.Major depression in primary care: making the diagnosis.Singapore Med J. 2016;57(11):591-597. doi:10.11622/smedj.2016174Shadrina M, Bondarenko EA, Slominsky PA.Genetics factors in major depression disease.Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:334. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00334Bernaras E, Jaureguizar J, Garaigordobil M.Child and adolescent depression: A review of theories, evaluation instruments, prevention programs, and treatments.Front Psychol. 2019;10:543. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00543Yu R, Aaltonen M, Branje S, et al.Depression and violence in adolescence and young adults: Findings from three longitudinal cohorts.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017;56(8):652-658.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.05.016McVicker D.5 things you can do to help your child with depression. National Alliance on Mental Illness.Kimball H.Improving treatment adherence in teens. Child Mind Institute.American Academy of Pediatrics.Helping adolescents feel in control during stressful times: Pediatric mental health minute series.Matthews T, Danese A, Wertz J, et al.Social isolation, loneliness and depression in young adulthood: a behavioural genetic analysis.Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2016;51(3):339-48. doi:10.1007/s00127-016-1178-7Hazell P.Antidepressants in adolescence.Aust Prescr. 2022;45(2):49-52. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2022.011U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Depression medicines.Fornaro M, Anastasia A, Valchera A, et al.The FDA “black box” warning on antidepressant suicide risk in young adults: More harm than benefits?Front Psychiatry. 2019;10:294. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00294Zhou X, Hetrick SE, Cuijpers P, et al.Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychotherapies for depression in children and adolescents: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.World Psychiatry. 2015;14(2):207-22. doi:10.1002/wps.20217Belvederi murri M, Ekkekakis P, Magagnoli M, et al.Physical exercise in major depression: Reducing the mortality gap while improving clinical outcomes.Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:762. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00762American Psychological Association.Talking to teens: Suicide prevention.Additional ReadingAmerican Psychiatric Association.What Is Depression?.Johns Hopkins Medicine Adolescent Depression Awareness Program.Adolescent Depression.Stanford Children’s Health.Understanding Teenage Depression.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.Get Your Teen Screened for Depression.
Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Wilson S, Dumornay NM.Rising rate of adolescent depression in the United States: Challenges and opportunities in the 2020s.J Adolesc Health. 2022;70(3):354-355. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.12.003Noel M, Groenewald CB, Beals-erickson SE, Gebert JT, Palermo TM.Chronic pain in adolescence and internalizing mental health disorders: a nationally representative study.Pain. 2016;157(6):1333-8. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000522Mullen S.Major depressive disorder in children and adolescents.Ment Health Clin. 2018;8(6):275-283. doi:10.9740/mhc.2018.11.275American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.Depression in children and teens.National Library of Medicine.Teenage depression.Stein K, Fazel M.Depression in young people often goes undetected.Practitioner. 2015;259(1782):17-22, 2-3.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Debunking myths of teen depression.Bhatia R.Childhood depression. Anxiety and Depression Association of America.Bitsko RH, Holbrook JR, Ghandour RM, et al.Epidemiology and impact of health care provider-diagnosed anxiety and depression among US children.J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2018;39(5):395-403. doi:10.1097/DBP.0000000000000571American Academy of Pediatrics.Teen mental health: How to know when your child needs help.Ng CW, How CH, Ng YP.Major depression in primary care: making the diagnosis.Singapore Med J. 2016;57(11):591-597. doi:10.11622/smedj.2016174Shadrina M, Bondarenko EA, Slominsky PA.Genetics factors in major depression disease.Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:334. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00334Bernaras E, Jaureguizar J, Garaigordobil M.Child and adolescent depression: A review of theories, evaluation instruments, prevention programs, and treatments.Front Psychol. 2019;10:543. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00543Yu R, Aaltonen M, Branje S, et al.Depression and violence in adolescence and young adults: Findings from three longitudinal cohorts.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017;56(8):652-658.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.05.016McVicker D.5 things you can do to help your child with depression. National Alliance on Mental Illness.Kimball H.Improving treatment adherence in teens. Child Mind Institute.American Academy of Pediatrics.Helping adolescents feel in control during stressful times: Pediatric mental health minute series.Matthews T, Danese A, Wertz J, et al.Social isolation, loneliness and depression in young adulthood: a behavioural genetic analysis.Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2016;51(3):339-48. doi:10.1007/s00127-016-1178-7Hazell P.Antidepressants in adolescence.Aust Prescr. 2022;45(2):49-52. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2022.011U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Depression medicines.Fornaro M, Anastasia A, Valchera A, et al.The FDA “black box” warning on antidepressant suicide risk in young adults: More harm than benefits?Front Psychiatry. 2019;10:294. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00294Zhou X, Hetrick SE, Cuijpers P, et al.Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychotherapies for depression in children and adolescents: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.World Psychiatry. 2015;14(2):207-22. doi:10.1002/wps.20217Belvederi murri M, Ekkekakis P, Magagnoli M, et al.Physical exercise in major depression: Reducing the mortality gap while improving clinical outcomes.Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:762. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00762American Psychological Association.Talking to teens: Suicide prevention.
Wilson S, Dumornay NM.Rising rate of adolescent depression in the United States: Challenges and opportunities in the 2020s.J Adolesc Health. 2022;70(3):354-355. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.12.003
Noel M, Groenewald CB, Beals-erickson SE, Gebert JT, Palermo TM.Chronic pain in adolescence and internalizing mental health disorders: a nationally representative study.Pain. 2016;157(6):1333-8. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000522
Mullen S.Major depressive disorder in children and adolescents.Ment Health Clin. 2018;8(6):275-283. doi:10.9740/mhc.2018.11.275
American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.Depression in children and teens.
National Library of Medicine.Teenage depression.
Stein K, Fazel M.Depression in young people often goes undetected.Practitioner. 2015;259(1782):17-22, 2-3.
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Debunking myths of teen depression.
Bhatia R.Childhood depression. Anxiety and Depression Association of America.
Bitsko RH, Holbrook JR, Ghandour RM, et al.Epidemiology and impact of health care provider-diagnosed anxiety and depression among US children.J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2018;39(5):395-403. doi:10.1097/DBP.0000000000000571
American Academy of Pediatrics.Teen mental health: How to know when your child needs help.
Ng CW, How CH, Ng YP.Major depression in primary care: making the diagnosis.Singapore Med J. 2016;57(11):591-597. doi:10.11622/smedj.2016174
Shadrina M, Bondarenko EA, Slominsky PA.Genetics factors in major depression disease.Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:334. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00334
Bernaras E, Jaureguizar J, Garaigordobil M.Child and adolescent depression: A review of theories, evaluation instruments, prevention programs, and treatments.Front Psychol. 2019;10:543. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00543
Yu R, Aaltonen M, Branje S, et al.Depression and violence in adolescence and young adults: Findings from three longitudinal cohorts.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017;56(8):652-658.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.05.016
McVicker D.5 things you can do to help your child with depression. National Alliance on Mental Illness.
Kimball H.Improving treatment adherence in teens. Child Mind Institute.
American Academy of Pediatrics.Helping adolescents feel in control during stressful times: Pediatric mental health minute series.
Matthews T, Danese A, Wertz J, et al.Social isolation, loneliness and depression in young adulthood: a behavioural genetic analysis.Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2016;51(3):339-48. doi:10.1007/s00127-016-1178-7
Hazell P.Antidepressants in adolescence.Aust Prescr. 2022;45(2):49-52. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2022.011
U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Depression medicines.
Fornaro M, Anastasia A, Valchera A, et al.The FDA “black box” warning on antidepressant suicide risk in young adults: More harm than benefits?Front Psychiatry. 2019;10:294. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00294
Zhou X, Hetrick SE, Cuijpers P, et al.Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychotherapies for depression in children and adolescents: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.World Psychiatry. 2015;14(2):207-22. doi:10.1002/wps.20217
Belvederi murri M, Ekkekakis P, Magagnoli M, et al.Physical exercise in major depression: Reducing the mortality gap while improving clinical outcomes.Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:762. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00762
American Psychological Association.Talking to teens: Suicide prevention.
American Psychiatric Association.What Is Depression?.Johns Hopkins Medicine Adolescent Depression Awareness Program.Adolescent Depression.Stanford Children’s Health.Understanding Teenage Depression.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.Get Your Teen Screened for Depression.
American Psychiatric Association.What Is Depression?.
Johns Hopkins Medicine Adolescent Depression Awareness Program.Adolescent Depression.
Stanford Children’s Health.Understanding Teenage Depression.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.Get Your Teen Screened for Depression.
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