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Verywell / JR BeePsychology careers can offer exciting challenges and personal rewards, but they can also be financially rewarding as well. While psychology can be a high-paying job, you should also recognize that psychology careers andsalariesand yearly earnings can vary greatly. Many students have turned their interest toward some of the highest-paying careers in psychology.According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average median salary for all psychologists was $92,740 as of May 2023. The highest-paying psychologist career salaries were more than $151,880.While many psychology careers offer higher-than-average yearly salaries, it is important to remember that income depends on various factors, including geographic location, employment sector, educational background, and years of experience.At a GlanceIf you are planning a career in psychology (or thinking about making a career change), you might want to consider some job options with a high earning potential. Some high-paying psychology jobs—such as those in psychiatry, industrial-organizational psychology, and clinical psychology—require advanced education and training, so it’s essential to start making an educational plan now rather than later. Keep reading to learn more about the highest-paying psychology careers, the typical salaries for such professions, and the academic requirements for entering these fields.
Verywell / JR Bee
Psychology careers can offer exciting challenges and personal rewards, but they can also be financially rewarding as well. While psychology can be a high-paying job, you should also recognize that psychology careers andsalariesand yearly earnings can vary greatly. Many students have turned their interest toward some of the highest-paying careers in psychology.
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average median salary for all psychologists was $92,740 as of May 2023. The highest-paying psychologist career salaries were more than $151,880.
While many psychology careers offer higher-than-average yearly salaries, it is important to remember that income depends on various factors, including geographic location, employment sector, educational background, and years of experience.
At a GlanceIf you are planning a career in psychology (or thinking about making a career change), you might want to consider some job options with a high earning potential. Some high-paying psychology jobs—such as those in psychiatry, industrial-organizational psychology, and clinical psychology—require advanced education and training, so it’s essential to start making an educational plan now rather than later. Keep reading to learn more about the highest-paying psychology careers, the typical salaries for such professions, and the academic requirements for entering these fields.
At a Glance
If you are planning a career in psychology (or thinking about making a career change), you might want to consider some job options with a high earning potential. Some high-paying psychology jobs—such as those in psychiatry, industrial-organizational psychology, and clinical psychology—require advanced education and training, so it’s essential to start making an educational plan now rather than later. Keep reading to learn more about the highest-paying psychology careers, the typical salaries for such professions, and the academic requirements for entering these fields.
1PsychiatristAverage Salary:$256,930 per yearEducational Requirements:Considered a medical career,psychiatryis significantly tied to the study and application of psychology. Approximately eight years of post-undergraduate study. After earning a bachelor’s degree, aspiring psychiatrists must graduate from medical school and then complete a four-year residency.Psychiatry is one of the highest-paying fields tied to psychology. However, salaries can vary considerably within this field depending on yourspecialty area, where you are employed, and the work you perform.
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PsychiatristAverage Salary:$256,930 per yearEducational Requirements:Considered a medical career,psychiatryis significantly tied to the study and application of psychology. Approximately eight years of post-undergraduate study. After earning a bachelor’s degree, aspiring psychiatrists must graduate from medical school and then complete a four-year residency.Psychiatry is one of the highest-paying fields tied to psychology. However, salaries can vary considerably within this field depending on yourspecialty area, where you are employed, and the work you perform.
Psychiatrist
Average Salary:$256,930 per year
Educational Requirements:Considered a medical career,psychiatryis significantly tied to the study and application of psychology. Approximately eight years of post-undergraduate study. After earning a bachelor’s degree, aspiring psychiatrists must graduate from medical school and then complete a four-year residency.
Psychiatry is one of the highest-paying fields tied to psychology. However, salaries can vary considerably within this field depending on yourspecialty area, where you are employed, and the work you perform.
2Industrial-Organizational PsychologistAverage Salary:$154,380 per yearEducational Requirements:In most cases, a master’s degree in psychology is the minimum training required,although having a doctorate degree may be advantageous. While opportunities are available at themaster’s degreelevel, earning a doctorate degree in industrial-organizational psychology offers greater opportunities and higher salaries.Industrial-organizational psychologistsuse their knowledge of psychology to tackle workplace issues.Increasing worker productivity, selecting the best employees for particular jobs, and developing market research surveys are just a few things that an industrial-organizational psychologist might do.The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that I/O psychologists in the scientific research and development industry earned an average annual wage of $169,890 as of May 2023. Those employed at colleges, universities, and professional schools earned an average of $93,490.According to theSociety for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, the average salary for a doctorate-level consultant was $167,000.
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Industrial-Organizational PsychologistAverage Salary:$154,380 per yearEducational Requirements:In most cases, a master’s degree in psychology is the minimum training required,although having a doctorate degree may be advantageous. While opportunities are available at themaster’s degreelevel, earning a doctorate degree in industrial-organizational psychology offers greater opportunities and higher salaries.Industrial-organizational psychologistsuse their knowledge of psychology to tackle workplace issues.Increasing worker productivity, selecting the best employees for particular jobs, and developing market research surveys are just a few things that an industrial-organizational psychologist might do.The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that I/O psychologists in the scientific research and development industry earned an average annual wage of $169,890 as of May 2023. Those employed at colleges, universities, and professional schools earned an average of $93,490.According to theSociety for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, the average salary for a doctorate-level consultant was $167,000.
Industrial-Organizational Psychologist
Average Salary:$154,380 per year
Educational Requirements:In most cases, a master’s degree in psychology is the minimum training required,although having a doctorate degree may be advantageous. While opportunities are available at themaster’s degreelevel, earning a doctorate degree in industrial-organizational psychology offers greater opportunities and higher salaries.
Industrial-organizational psychologistsuse their knowledge of psychology to tackle workplace issues.Increasing worker productivity, selecting the best employees for particular jobs, and developing market research surveys are just a few things that an industrial-organizational psychologist might do.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that I/O psychologists in the scientific research and development industry earned an average annual wage of $169,890 as of May 2023. Those employed at colleges, universities, and professional schools earned an average of $93,490.
According to theSociety for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, the average salary for a doctorate-level consultant was $167,000.
3NeuropsychologistAverage Salary:$100,000+ per yearEducational Requirements:A doctorate degree in neuropsychology or clinical neuropsychology is needed to work in this field.Neuropsychologists specialize in the study of the brain and cognitive science.People who work in this field often perform cognitive tests, run brain scans, assess people suffering from brain injury, and study how drugs impact the nervous system. They may work at colleges and universities, hospitals, research centers, mental health clinics, and pharmaceutical labs.
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NeuropsychologistAverage Salary:$100,000+ per yearEducational Requirements:A doctorate degree in neuropsychology or clinical neuropsychology is needed to work in this field.Neuropsychologists specialize in the study of the brain and cognitive science.People who work in this field often perform cognitive tests, run brain scans, assess people suffering from brain injury, and study how drugs impact the nervous system. They may work at colleges and universities, hospitals, research centers, mental health clinics, and pharmaceutical labs.
Neuropsychologist
Average Salary:$100,000+ per year
Educational Requirements:A doctorate degree in neuropsychology or clinical neuropsychology is needed to work in this field.
Neuropsychologists specialize in the study of the brain and cognitive science.People who work in this field often perform cognitive tests, run brain scans, assess people suffering from brain injury, and study how drugs impact the nervous system. They may work at colleges and universities, hospitals, research centers, mental health clinics, and pharmaceutical labs.
4Clinical PsychologistAverage Salary:$96,100 per yearEducational Requirements:In most states, clinical psychologists must have a doctorate degree in psychology. In addition to this education, they must also complete one to two years of supervised residency and pass state licensing exams in order to practice as a licensed clinical psychologist.Clinical psychologistsare trained in assessing, diagnosing, treating, and preventing mental illness.This is also the largest area of employment within psychology. Clinical psychologists work in various settings, including hospitals, mental health clinics, and private practice.TheOccupational Outlook Handbookreports that in May 2019, those employed in individual and family services earned an average of $85,140. Those employed in the offices of other health practitioners earned an average of $100,300 per year.
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Clinical PsychologistAverage Salary:$96,100 per yearEducational Requirements:In most states, clinical psychologists must have a doctorate degree in psychology. In addition to this education, they must also complete one to two years of supervised residency and pass state licensing exams in order to practice as a licensed clinical psychologist.Clinical psychologistsare trained in assessing, diagnosing, treating, and preventing mental illness.This is also the largest area of employment within psychology. Clinical psychologists work in various settings, including hospitals, mental health clinics, and private practice.TheOccupational Outlook Handbookreports that in May 2019, those employed in individual and family services earned an average of $85,140. Those employed in the offices of other health practitioners earned an average of $100,300 per year.
Clinical Psychologist
Average Salary:$96,100 per year
Educational Requirements:In most states, clinical psychologists must have a doctorate degree in psychology. In addition to this education, they must also complete one to two years of supervised residency and pass state licensing exams in order to practice as a licensed clinical psychologist.
Clinical psychologistsare trained in assessing, diagnosing, treating, and preventing mental illness.This is also the largest area of employment within psychology. Clinical psychologists work in various settings, including hospitals, mental health clinics, and private practice.
TheOccupational Outlook Handbookreports that in May 2019, those employed in individual and family services earned an average of $85,140. Those employed in the offices of other health practitioners earned an average of $100,300 per year.
5Engineering PsychologistAverage Salary:$111,368 per yearEducational Requirements:Entry-level positions require a master’s degree, but those with a doctorate will find greater employment opportunities and better salaries.Engineering psychologistswork to improve the design of systems, operations, and equipment in order to increase efficiency, improve productivity, and minimize injury. As with other specialty areas of psychology, the area of employment plays a major role in determining salary. Engineering psychologists who work in the private sector earn considerably more than those employed in university settings.
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Engineering PsychologistAverage Salary:$111,368 per yearEducational Requirements:Entry-level positions require a master’s degree, but those with a doctorate will find greater employment opportunities and better salaries.Engineering psychologistswork to improve the design of systems, operations, and equipment in order to increase efficiency, improve productivity, and minimize injury. As with other specialty areas of psychology, the area of employment plays a major role in determining salary. Engineering psychologists who work in the private sector earn considerably more than those employed in university settings.
Engineering Psychologist
Average Salary:$111,368 per year
Educational Requirements:Entry-level positions require a master’s degree, but those with a doctorate will find greater employment opportunities and better salaries.
Engineering psychologistswork to improve the design of systems, operations, and equipment in order to increase efficiency, improve productivity, and minimize injury. As with other specialty areas of psychology, the area of employment plays a major role in determining salary. Engineering psychologists who work in the private sector earn considerably more than those employed in university settings.
6Counseling PsychologistAverage Salary:$96,100 per yearEducational Requirements:A PhD,PsyD, or EdD degree is required to become a counseling psychologist.Counseling psychologistsperform many of the same tasks as clinical psychologists, such as offering psychotherapy and mental health treatment, but they typically work with clients suffering from less severe forms of mental illness.While mental health is one of the largest areas within counseling psychology, some people in this field opt to conduct research. They also teach university courses or provide vocational counseling.How Educational Requirements Vary
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Counseling PsychologistAverage Salary:$96,100 per yearEducational Requirements:A PhD,PsyD, or EdD degree is required to become a counseling psychologist.Counseling psychologistsperform many of the same tasks as clinical psychologists, such as offering psychotherapy and mental health treatment, but they typically work with clients suffering from less severe forms of mental illness.While mental health is one of the largest areas within counseling psychology, some people in this field opt to conduct research. They also teach university courses or provide vocational counseling.How Educational Requirements Vary
Counseling Psychologist
Average Salary:$96,100 per year
Educational Requirements:A PhD,PsyD, or EdD degree is required to become a counseling psychologist.
Counseling psychologistsperform many of the same tasks as clinical psychologists, such as offering psychotherapy and mental health treatment, but they typically work with clients suffering from less severe forms of mental illness.
While mental health is one of the largest areas within counseling psychology, some people in this field opt to conduct research. They also teach university courses or provide vocational counseling.
How Educational Requirements Vary
7Forensic PsychologistAverage Salary:$125,000 - $149,999 per yearEducational Requirements:While there are some jobs available with a master’s degree, you will typically need a doctorate degree in clinical, counseling, or forensic psychology.Forensic psychologistsdeal with psychological issues related to the law. Some of the duties that a professional in this field might perform include developing psychological profiles of criminals, dealing with child custody issues, investigating child abuse, providing expert testimony, preparing witnesses to testify in court, and offering training to law enforcement.
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Forensic PsychologistAverage Salary:$125,000 - $149,999 per yearEducational Requirements:While there are some jobs available with a master’s degree, you will typically need a doctorate degree in clinical, counseling, or forensic psychology.Forensic psychologistsdeal with psychological issues related to the law. Some of the duties that a professional in this field might perform include developing psychological profiles of criminals, dealing with child custody issues, investigating child abuse, providing expert testimony, preparing witnesses to testify in court, and offering training to law enforcement.
Forensic Psychologist
Average Salary:$125,000 - $149,999 per year
Educational Requirements:While there are some jobs available with a master’s degree, you will typically need a doctorate degree in clinical, counseling, or forensic psychology.
Forensic psychologistsdeal with psychological issues related to the law. Some of the duties that a professional in this field might perform include developing psychological profiles of criminals, dealing with child custody issues, investigating child abuse, providing expert testimony, preparing witnesses to testify in court, and offering training to law enforcement.
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School Psychologist
Average Salary:$84,940 per year
Educational Requirements:Most states require completing a 60-credit school psychology specialist program, which leads to a master’s or EdS degree. Approximately 32% of school psychologists hold aPhD, PsyD, or EdD degree.
School psychologistswork within the educational system to diagnose and treat behavior and learning problems in children.They often collaborate with other professionals, including teachers, doctors, and parents to help kids overcome social, emotional, behavioral, and academic problems.
9Sports PsychologistAverage Salary:$60,000 to $80,000 per yearEducational Requirements:Most jobs require a master’s or doctorate degree in sports psychology or in related areas such as clinical or counseling psychology.Sports psychologistsare interested in the psychological components of sports and athletics.Professionals in this field often focus on topics such asmotivationand athletic performance. They utilize their knowledge of psychology to help athletes perform better or to help people recover from sports injuries.While salaries for sports psychologists typically range between $60,000 and $80,000, those working with professional athletes often earn over six figures.
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Sports PsychologistAverage Salary:$60,000 to $80,000 per yearEducational Requirements:Most jobs require a master’s or doctorate degree in sports psychology or in related areas such as clinical or counseling psychology.Sports psychologistsare interested in the psychological components of sports and athletics.Professionals in this field often focus on topics such asmotivationand athletic performance. They utilize their knowledge of psychology to help athletes perform better or to help people recover from sports injuries.While salaries for sports psychologists typically range between $60,000 and $80,000, those working with professional athletes often earn over six figures.
Sports Psychologist
Average Salary:$60,000 to $80,000 per year
Educational Requirements:Most jobs require a master’s or doctorate degree in sports psychology or in related areas such as clinical or counseling psychology.Sports psychologistsare interested in the psychological components of sports and athletics.
Professionals in this field often focus on topics such asmotivationand athletic performance. They utilize their knowledge of psychology to help athletes perform better or to help people recover from sports injuries.
While salaries for sports psychologists typically range between $60,000 and $80,000, those working with professional athletes often earn over six figures.
What Psych Career Is Best For You? Take the QuizThis fast and freepsychology careers quizcan help you get a better sense for which kind of psychology career might be the best fit for your personality, career interests, salary needs, and more.TakeawaysChoosing a career is a big decision, and the salary is just one of many factors you need to consider. Money is an important component, but factors such as job outlook and quality of life are also essential.So is becoming a psychologist worth it? Only you can decide. Think about how a particular career may suit your personality and goals in life before committing. In the end, the best job for you is the one you will enjoy the most and fulfills your personal and professional needs.Frequently Asked QuestionsWhile specific salaries vary depending on factors including experience and location, psychiatry tends to be the highest-paying psychology-related career.They can! However, it is important to recognize that individual salaries vary greatly. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median salary for psychologists is $92,740 as of May 2023. However, the lowest paid 10% made less than $52,430 per year.Your salary may depend on your specialty, training, experience, area of employment, and geographic location.Psychology can be a good career if it is suited to your interests and goals. The field is expected to experience modest growth in the coming year, and there are always opportunities for growth depending on where your interests lie. The growing need for mental health services and an aging population means that there will be a need for trained psychologists.5 of the Lowest Paying Psychology Careers
What Psych Career Is Best For You? Take the Quiz
This fast and freepsychology careers quizcan help you get a better sense for which kind of psychology career might be the best fit for your personality, career interests, salary needs, and more.
Takeaways
Choosing a career is a big decision, and the salary is just one of many factors you need to consider. Money is an important component, but factors such as job outlook and quality of life are also essential.
So is becoming a psychologist worth it? Only you can decide. Think about how a particular career may suit your personality and goals in life before committing. In the end, the best job for you is the one you will enjoy the most and fulfills your personal and professional needs.
Frequently Asked QuestionsWhile specific salaries vary depending on factors including experience and location, psychiatry tends to be the highest-paying psychology-related career.They can! However, it is important to recognize that individual salaries vary greatly. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median salary for psychologists is $92,740 as of May 2023. However, the lowest paid 10% made less than $52,430 per year.Your salary may depend on your specialty, training, experience, area of employment, and geographic location.Psychology can be a good career if it is suited to your interests and goals. The field is expected to experience modest growth in the coming year, and there are always opportunities for growth depending on where your interests lie. The growing need for mental health services and an aging population means that there will be a need for trained psychologists.
Frequently Asked Questions
While specific salaries vary depending on factors including experience and location, psychiatry tends to be the highest-paying psychology-related career.
They can! However, it is important to recognize that individual salaries vary greatly. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median salary for psychologists is $92,740 as of May 2023. However, the lowest paid 10% made less than $52,430 per year.Your salary may depend on your specialty, training, experience, area of employment, and geographic location.
Psychology can be a good career if it is suited to your interests and goals. The field is expected to experience modest growth in the coming year, and there are always opportunities for growth depending on where your interests lie. The growing need for mental health services and an aging population means that there will be a need for trained psychologists.
5 of the Lowest Paying Psychology Careers
19 SourcesVerywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Psychologists: Pay. Occupational Outlook Handbook.U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2023: 29-1223 Psychiatrists.Zavlin D, Jubbal KT, Noé JG, Gansbacher B.A comparison of medical education in Germany and the United States: from applying to medical school to the beginnings of residency.Ger Med Sci.2017;15:Doc15. doi:10.3205/000256U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2023: 19-3032 Industrial-Organizational Psychologists.Torpey E. Business careers with high pay.Career Outlook,U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2016.Moralo TS, Graupner LI.The role of the industrial psychologist in managing the psychological impact of COVID-19 in the workplace.Front Psychol. 2022;13:920894. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920894Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology.The SIOP income and employment report is here!Sweet JJ, Benson LM, Nelson NW, Moberg PJ.The American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology, National Academy of Neuropsychology, and Society for Clinical Neuropsychology (APA Division 40) 2015 in professional practice and ‘salary survey’: Professional practices, beliefs, and incomes of U.S. neuropsychologists.The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 2015;29(8):1069-1162. doi:10.1080/13854046.2016.1140228Casaletto KB, Heaton RK.Neuropsychological assessment: Past and future.J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2017;23(9-10):778-790. doi:10.1017/S1355617717001060Gee DG, DeYoung KA, McLaughlin KA, et al.Training the next generation of clinical psychological scientists: A data-driven call to action.Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2022;18:43-70. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-092500U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Occupational employment and wages, May 2019: 19-3031 clinical, counseling, and school psychologists.American Psychological Association.Postgrad growth area: Engineering psychology.McAndrew LM, Martin JL, Friedlander M, et al.The common sense of counseling psychology: Introducing the common-sense model of self-regulation.Couns Psychol Q. 2018;31(4):497-512. doi:10.1080/09515070.2017.1336076Neal TMS, Line EN.Income, demographics, and life experiences of clinical-forensic psychologists in the United States.Front Psychol. 2022;13:910672. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.910672Iudici A, Salvini A, Faccio E, Castelnuovo G.The clinical assessment in the legal field: An empirical study of bias and limitations in forensic expertise.Front Psychol.2015;6:1831. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01831Volpe RJ, Chafouleas SM, Gonzalez J, Ardoin S, Jimerson SR.The science of school psychologists: Developing a standard definition.J Sch Psychol. 2022;94:A1-A12. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2022.06.006U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Psychologists: Job outlook.Occupational Outlook Handbook.American Psychological Association.Hot careers: Sports psychology.Röthlin P, Birrer D, Horvath S, Grosse holtforth M.Psychological skills training and a mindfulness-based intervention to enhance functional athletic performance: design of a randomized controlled trial using ambulatory assessment.BMC Psychol.2016;4(1):39. doi:10.1186/s40359-016-0147-y
19 Sources
Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Psychologists: Pay. Occupational Outlook Handbook.U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2023: 29-1223 Psychiatrists.Zavlin D, Jubbal KT, Noé JG, Gansbacher B.A comparison of medical education in Germany and the United States: from applying to medical school to the beginnings of residency.Ger Med Sci.2017;15:Doc15. doi:10.3205/000256U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2023: 19-3032 Industrial-Organizational Psychologists.Torpey E. Business careers with high pay.Career Outlook,U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2016.Moralo TS, Graupner LI.The role of the industrial psychologist in managing the psychological impact of COVID-19 in the workplace.Front Psychol. 2022;13:920894. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920894Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology.The SIOP income and employment report is here!Sweet JJ, Benson LM, Nelson NW, Moberg PJ.The American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology, National Academy of Neuropsychology, and Society for Clinical Neuropsychology (APA Division 40) 2015 in professional practice and ‘salary survey’: Professional practices, beliefs, and incomes of U.S. neuropsychologists.The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 2015;29(8):1069-1162. doi:10.1080/13854046.2016.1140228Casaletto KB, Heaton RK.Neuropsychological assessment: Past and future.J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2017;23(9-10):778-790. doi:10.1017/S1355617717001060Gee DG, DeYoung KA, McLaughlin KA, et al.Training the next generation of clinical psychological scientists: A data-driven call to action.Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2022;18:43-70. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-092500U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Occupational employment and wages, May 2019: 19-3031 clinical, counseling, and school psychologists.American Psychological Association.Postgrad growth area: Engineering psychology.McAndrew LM, Martin JL, Friedlander M, et al.The common sense of counseling psychology: Introducing the common-sense model of self-regulation.Couns Psychol Q. 2018;31(4):497-512. doi:10.1080/09515070.2017.1336076Neal TMS, Line EN.Income, demographics, and life experiences of clinical-forensic psychologists in the United States.Front Psychol. 2022;13:910672. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.910672Iudici A, Salvini A, Faccio E, Castelnuovo G.The clinical assessment in the legal field: An empirical study of bias and limitations in forensic expertise.Front Psychol.2015;6:1831. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01831Volpe RJ, Chafouleas SM, Gonzalez J, Ardoin S, Jimerson SR.The science of school psychologists: Developing a standard definition.J Sch Psychol. 2022;94:A1-A12. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2022.06.006U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Psychologists: Job outlook.Occupational Outlook Handbook.American Psychological Association.Hot careers: Sports psychology.Röthlin P, Birrer D, Horvath S, Grosse holtforth M.Psychological skills training and a mindfulness-based intervention to enhance functional athletic performance: design of a randomized controlled trial using ambulatory assessment.BMC Psychol.2016;4(1):39. doi:10.1186/s40359-016-0147-y
Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Psychologists: Pay. Occupational Outlook Handbook.U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2023: 29-1223 Psychiatrists.Zavlin D, Jubbal KT, Noé JG, Gansbacher B.A comparison of medical education in Germany and the United States: from applying to medical school to the beginnings of residency.Ger Med Sci.2017;15:Doc15. doi:10.3205/000256U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2023: 19-3032 Industrial-Organizational Psychologists.Torpey E. Business careers with high pay.Career Outlook,U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2016.Moralo TS, Graupner LI.The role of the industrial psychologist in managing the psychological impact of COVID-19 in the workplace.Front Psychol. 2022;13:920894. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920894Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology.The SIOP income and employment report is here!Sweet JJ, Benson LM, Nelson NW, Moberg PJ.The American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology, National Academy of Neuropsychology, and Society for Clinical Neuropsychology (APA Division 40) 2015 in professional practice and ‘salary survey’: Professional practices, beliefs, and incomes of U.S. neuropsychologists.The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 2015;29(8):1069-1162. doi:10.1080/13854046.2016.1140228Casaletto KB, Heaton RK.Neuropsychological assessment: Past and future.J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2017;23(9-10):778-790. doi:10.1017/S1355617717001060Gee DG, DeYoung KA, McLaughlin KA, et al.Training the next generation of clinical psychological scientists: A data-driven call to action.Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2022;18:43-70. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-092500U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Occupational employment and wages, May 2019: 19-3031 clinical, counseling, and school psychologists.American Psychological Association.Postgrad growth area: Engineering psychology.McAndrew LM, Martin JL, Friedlander M, et al.The common sense of counseling psychology: Introducing the common-sense model of self-regulation.Couns Psychol Q. 2018;31(4):497-512. doi:10.1080/09515070.2017.1336076Neal TMS, Line EN.Income, demographics, and life experiences of clinical-forensic psychologists in the United States.Front Psychol. 2022;13:910672. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.910672Iudici A, Salvini A, Faccio E, Castelnuovo G.The clinical assessment in the legal field: An empirical study of bias and limitations in forensic expertise.Front Psychol.2015;6:1831. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01831Volpe RJ, Chafouleas SM, Gonzalez J, Ardoin S, Jimerson SR.The science of school psychologists: Developing a standard definition.J Sch Psychol. 2022;94:A1-A12. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2022.06.006U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Psychologists: Job outlook.Occupational Outlook Handbook.American Psychological Association.Hot careers: Sports psychology.Röthlin P, Birrer D, Horvath S, Grosse holtforth M.Psychological skills training and a mindfulness-based intervention to enhance functional athletic performance: design of a randomized controlled trial using ambulatory assessment.BMC Psychol.2016;4(1):39. doi:10.1186/s40359-016-0147-y
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Psychologists: Pay. Occupational Outlook Handbook.
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2023: 29-1223 Psychiatrists.
Zavlin D, Jubbal KT, Noé JG, Gansbacher B.A comparison of medical education in Germany and the United States: from applying to medical school to the beginnings of residency.Ger Med Sci.2017;15:Doc15. doi:10.3205/000256
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2023: 19-3032 Industrial-Organizational Psychologists.
Torpey E. Business careers with high pay.Career Outlook,U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2016.
Moralo TS, Graupner LI.The role of the industrial psychologist in managing the psychological impact of COVID-19 in the workplace.Front Psychol. 2022;13:920894. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920894
Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology.The SIOP income and employment report is here!
Sweet JJ, Benson LM, Nelson NW, Moberg PJ.The American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology, National Academy of Neuropsychology, and Society for Clinical Neuropsychology (APA Division 40) 2015 in professional practice and ‘salary survey’: Professional practices, beliefs, and incomes of U.S. neuropsychologists.The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 2015;29(8):1069-1162. doi:10.1080/13854046.2016.1140228
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Gee DG, DeYoung KA, McLaughlin KA, et al.Training the next generation of clinical psychological scientists: A data-driven call to action.Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2022;18:43-70. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-092500
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Occupational employment and wages, May 2019: 19-3031 clinical, counseling, and school psychologists.
American Psychological Association.Postgrad growth area: Engineering psychology.
McAndrew LM, Martin JL, Friedlander M, et al.The common sense of counseling psychology: Introducing the common-sense model of self-regulation.Couns Psychol Q. 2018;31(4):497-512. doi:10.1080/09515070.2017.1336076
Neal TMS, Line EN.Income, demographics, and life experiences of clinical-forensic psychologists in the United States.Front Psychol. 2022;13:910672. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.910672
Iudici A, Salvini A, Faccio E, Castelnuovo G.The clinical assessment in the legal field: An empirical study of bias and limitations in forensic expertise.Front Psychol.2015;6:1831. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01831
Volpe RJ, Chafouleas SM, Gonzalez J, Ardoin S, Jimerson SR.The science of school psychologists: Developing a standard definition.J Sch Psychol. 2022;94:A1-A12. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2022.06.006
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Psychologists: Job outlook.Occupational Outlook Handbook.
American Psychological Association.Hot careers: Sports psychology.
Röthlin P, Birrer D, Horvath S, Grosse holtforth M.Psychological skills training and a mindfulness-based intervention to enhance functional athletic performance: design of a randomized controlled trial using ambulatory assessment.BMC Psychol.2016;4(1):39. doi:10.1186/s40359-016-0147-y
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