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Close Being preoccupied with muscle development may involve a disturbance in body image similar to anorexia. Bigorexia (muscular dysmorphia) is now affecting hundreds of thousands of men. For some men, muscle development is such a complete preoccupation that they will miss important events, continue training through pain or broken bones, even lose their job rather than interrupt their physical development schedule. Muscle Dysmorphia The term “muscle dysmorphia” was coined in the 1990s to describe this new form of disorder....

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Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsAbraham Maslow’s Early LifeCareer and TheoriesContributions Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Abraham Maslow’s Early Life Career and Theories Contributions Close Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist who developed ahierarchy of needsto explain human motivation. His theory suggested that people have a number of basic needs that must be met before people move up the hierarchy to pursue more social, emotional, and self-actualizing needs....

Close Edward C. Tolman is best-known for his influence on cognitive behaviorism, his research on cognitive maps, the theory of latent learning and the concept of an intervening variable. Tolman was born on April 14, 1886, and died on November 19, 1959. Keep reading to learn more about Tolman’s important contributions to the field of psychology. What Is Cognitive Behaviorism? Cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) is a common type of talk therapy (psychotherapy) in which pateients work with a mental health counselor (psychotherapist or therapist) in a structured way, typically for a limited number of sessions....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsLife StoryTheoriesContributionsPublicationsBiographies Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Life Story Theories Contributions Publications Biographies Close Erik Erikson is best known for his famous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of theidentity crisis. His theories marked an important shift in thinkingon personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood events, his psychosocial theory looks at how social influences contribute to our personalities throughout our entire lifespans....

Close At a Glance Hugo Münsterberg is known as a pioneer of applied psychology, including industrial-organizational, clinical, and forensic psychology. Here’s a biography of Münsterberg that includes his life and work, as well as some of his selected research and quotes. What Exactly Do Industrial-Organizational Psychologists Do? Early Life Hugo Münsterberg was born in Danzig, Germany (now Gdansk, Poland), on June 1, 1863. His father was a merchant, and his mother was an artist....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsEducation and CareerContributions to PsychologyEducational Philosophy Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Education and Career Contributions to Psychology Educational Philosophy Close I believe that education, therefore, is a process of living and not a preparation for future living.—JOHN DEWEY, “MY PEDAGOGIC CREED” (1897) I believe that education, therefore, is a process of living and not a preparation for future living. —JOHN DEWEY, “MY PEDAGOGIC CREED” (1897)...

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsBrief Biography of David KolbCareer and TheoriesOther Learning StylesSelected Publications Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Brief Biography of David Kolb Career and Theories Other Learning Styles Selected Publications Close David Kolb is a psychologist and educational theorist who is perhaps best known for his theory of experiential learning. In addition to developing a theory that outlined how experiential learning takes place, Kolb is also known for his learning style inventory that remains quite popular among educators today....

Close G. Stanley Hall (bottom center in photo) was a psychologist best known as the first American to earn a Ph.D. in psychology and the first president of the American Psychological Association. He also had a significant influence on the early development of psychology in the United States. Through his work as a teacher, Hall influenced a number of other leading psychologists, includingJohn DeweyandLewis Terman, a student of his. According to a 2002 review of eminent psychologists of the twentieth century, Hall was ranked as the 72nd most influential psychologist, a ranking he shared with Terman....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsEarly LifeCareerContributionsAchievements and AwardsPublicationsFamous Quote Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Early Life Career Contributions Achievements and Awards Publications Famous Quote Close John B. Watson was a pioneering psychologist who played an important role in developingbehaviorism. He is remembered for his research on theconditioning process. Watson is also known for the Little Albert experiment, in which he demonstrated that a child could be conditioned to fear a previously neutral stimulus....

Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Career Contributions to Psychology Close At a Glance College Years These experiences working with children inspired him to become a childpsychiatrist. Klein’s Influence He eventually became dissatisfied with Klein’s approach. He felt that it focused too much on children’s fantasies and not enough on environmental events, including the influence of parents and caregivers. After becoming a psychoanalyst in 1937, he served in the Royal Army Medical Corps during World War II....

Close Robert Jeffrey Sternberg is an American psychologist known for his theories on love, intelligence, and creativity. He was born in New Jersey on December 9, 1949. Sternberg’s interest in psychology began early in life. After experiencingtest anxietyand doing poorly on an exam, he realized tests were not an accurate measure of his knowledge and abilities. When he retook the same test in a different room with a group of younger students, he found he felt more confident and scored much higher as a result....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsBirth and DeathEarly LifeAsch’s Conformity ExperimentsContributions to PsychologySelected Publications Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Birth and Death Early Life Asch’s Conformity Experiments Contributions to Psychology Selected Publications Close Solomon Asch was a pioneering 20th century social psychologist who is perhaps best remembered for his research on the psychology ofconformity.Asch took aGestalt approachto the study of social behavior, suggesting that social acts needed to be viewed in terms of their setting....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsEarly LifeCareerContributions to PsychologySelected Publications Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Early Life Career Contributions to Psychology Selected Publications Close Erich Fromm was a German social psychologist and psychoanalyst associated with the Frankfurt School of critical theory. He was known for developing the concept that freedom was fundamental to human nature and for challenging the theories of Sigmund Freud. Throughout his life, Fromm maintained a busy career that included numerous teaching positions in addition to publishing a number of books and running his own clinical practice....

Close Biological preparedness is the idea that people and animals are inherently inclined to form associations between certain stimuli and responses. This concept plays an important role in learning, particularly in understanding theclassical conditioning process.Some associations form easily because we are predisposed to form such connections, while other associations are much more difficult to form because we are not naturally predisposed to them.It has been suggested that biological preparedness explains why certain types ofphobiastend to form more easily....