Neurodivergent is a term used to describe people whose brain develops, processes, learns, and/or behaves differently from what is considered neurotypical.
Neurodivergence is not a disability but rather a difference in how the brain works. For example,autism, dyslexia, andADHDare all common examples of neurodivergent disorders.
Is OCD Considered Neurodivergent?
There are many different ways neurodivergence can manifest. As there are no medical criteria or definitions of what it means to be neurodivergent, many conditions can fall under the category of neurodivergent – and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of them.
OCD is viewed as neurodiverse in origin because it satisfies the primary criteria of a neurodivergent disorder – people with OCD have a brain that processes and behaves differently from what is considered typical.
By being hooked into this endless cycle ofobsessive thinkingand completing rituals to temporarily relieve anxiety, a person with OCD ultimately does not possess normal cognitive functioning.
People with OCD process their thoughts differently and behave differently from what is considered neurotypical. Their brains show higher levels of activity in brain regions related to planning, judgment, and body movements, leading to obsessions and compulsions.
While many individuals who have been diagnosed with OCD do consider themselves neurodivergent, you do not have to use this label or apply it to yourself if you do not feel comfortable.
Neurodivergent is not a medical term, condition, or diagnosis and is not something that needs to be “treated.”
While there is no way to characterize neurodivergent people, as many people identify as neurodivergent, including autistic people and people with ADHD, some common, challenging, and helpful symptoms are listed below.
Each individual is unique, and certain skills are more likely to appear in those with some disorders than others.
People who are neurodivergent can be very different from one another, which makes it challenging to provide a single list of symptoms.
Traits Commonly Associated with NeurodivergenceDo the symptoms of OCD meet these criteria?Social communication difficultiesTypically YesUnusual physical behaviors, such as rocking, expressing tics, blurting, and/or shouting at random timesTypically YesStruggle in noisy environmentsSometimesSpeech and language challengesTypically NoInflexibility / inability to adapt or to change interests based on age or situationTypically YesLearning challenges including difficulties with focus, reading, calculation, ability to follow spoken language, and/or problems with executive functioningSometimesUnusual responses to sensory input (sensitivity to light, sound, heat, cold, pressure, crowds, or other stimuli)Typically YesFixation on certain routines and ritualsTypically YesDifficulty maintaining eye contactTypically NoAbility to focus on work intensely for long periods on topics or activities of interestTypically YesAbove average observational skills and ability to pay close attention to detailSometimesOutside-the-box thinking and being able to approach situations differentlySometimesUnique ability to recognize patterns, including in codes and behaviorsTypically YesStrong skills in areas such as music, art, design technology, and scienceTypically NoCreativityTypically NoNo pressure to conform to social normsTypically YesStrong visual-spatial skillsTypically No
Is mental illness the same as neurodiversity?
While neurodivergence was formerly considered a disability or abnormality, practitioners are no longer treating neurodivergence as a mental illness. Instead, they are viewing it as different methods of learning and processing information.
People who are neurodivergent can have different strengths and challenges from people whose brains develop and work more typically.
However, just because their brains function differently than most people in the general population, this does not mean that they are “abnormal” or less intelligent. There is no standard way the brain should function to be considered “normal.”
In fact, many neurodivergent individuals will use their different strengths to help them succeed in unique ways.
Some benefits of being neurodivergent include a stronger short-term and long-term memory, the ability to mentally picture three-dimensional objects with ease, and the ability to solve complex math problems in their head.
FAQs
Is OCD on the autism spectrum?While OCD and autism are often misdiagnosed as one another as the symptoms of both can look alike, OCD is not on the autism spectrum. In fact, OCD and autism spectrum disorder are, in many ways, quite different.OCD is a mental illness, while autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder. However, it is possible to have both OCD and autism and research even shows that people with OCD are more likely to be autistic than people without OCD.
Is OCD on the autism spectrum?
While OCD and autism are often misdiagnosed as one another as the symptoms of both can look alike, OCD is not on the autism spectrum. In fact, OCD and autism spectrum disorder are, in many ways, quite different.OCD is a mental illness, while autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder. However, it is possible to have both OCD and autism and research even shows that people with OCD are more likely to be autistic than people without OCD.
While OCD and autism are often misdiagnosed as one another as the symptoms of both can look alike, OCD is not on the autism spectrum. In fact, OCD and autism spectrum disorder are, in many ways, quite different.
OCD is a mental illness, while autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder. However, it is possible to have both OCD and autism and research even shows that people with OCD are more likely to be autistic than people without OCD.
What happens in an OCD brain?While researchers know that Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is a result of communication problems in the brain, research has been limited to the specifics of what happens in an OCD brain.What scientists have recently begun to realize is that people with OCD have excess activity in frontal regions of the brain, including the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).Additionally, OCD disrupts communication between the frontal cortex and another part of the brain known as the ventral striatum. This could explain their intrusive thoughts, high levels of anxiety, intense level of awareness, and extreme vigilance.While these hypotheses are gaining fruition, neuroscientists are still quite uncertain about what happens in the brain to cause OCD.
What happens in an OCD brain?
While researchers know that Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is a result of communication problems in the brain, research has been limited to the specifics of what happens in an OCD brain.What scientists have recently begun to realize is that people with OCD have excess activity in frontal regions of the brain, including the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).Additionally, OCD disrupts communication between the frontal cortex and another part of the brain known as the ventral striatum. This could explain their intrusive thoughts, high levels of anxiety, intense level of awareness, and extreme vigilance.While these hypotheses are gaining fruition, neuroscientists are still quite uncertain about what happens in the brain to cause OCD.
While researchers know that Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is a result of communication problems in the brain, research has been limited to the specifics of what happens in an OCD brain.
What scientists have recently begun to realize is that people with OCD have excess activity in frontal regions of the brain, including the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).
Additionally, OCD disrupts communication between the frontal cortex and another part of the brain known as the ventral striatum. This could explain their intrusive thoughts, high levels of anxiety, intense level of awareness, and extreme vigilance.
While these hypotheses are gaining fruition, neuroscientists are still quite uncertain about what happens in the brain to cause OCD.
Does trauma make you neurodivergent?
Trauma typically underlies anxiety disorders, such as OCD and PTSD, and affects how individuals with these conditions process, interpret and respond to information and stimuli (i.e., thoughts, feelings, fears, doubts, mental images, and/or urges).
Can you become neurodivergent?Typically, no. Many forms of neurodivergence are innate parts of our brains. These differences in how our brains work might not be diagnosed or recognized until later in life, but that does not mean that they were not already there.However, in some cases, neurological conditions can be acquired and lead to neurodivergence. Examples include traumatic brain injuries, strokes, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Can you become neurodivergent?
Typically, no. Many forms of neurodivergence are innate parts of our brains. These differences in how our brains work might not be diagnosed or recognized until later in life, but that does not mean that they were not already there.However, in some cases, neurological conditions can be acquired and lead to neurodivergence. Examples include traumatic brain injuries, strokes, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Typically, no. Many forms of neurodivergence are innate parts of our brains. These differences in how our brains work might not be diagnosed or recognized until later in life, but that does not mean that they were not already there.
However, in some cases, neurological conditions can be acquired and lead to neurodivergence. Examples include traumatic brain injuries, strokes, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Sources
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Den Houting, J. (2019). Neurodiversity: An insider’s perspective.Autism,23(2), 271-273.
Jurecic, A. (2007). Neurodiversity.College English,69(5), 421-442.
Mellifont, D. (2021). A Qualitative Study Exploring Neurodiversity Conference Themes, Representations, and Evidence-Based Justifications for the Explicit Inclusion and Valuing of OCD.The International Journal of Information, Diversity, & Inclusion,5(2), 111-138.
Murphy, D. L., Timpano, K. R., Wheaton, M. G., Greenberg, B. D., & Miguel, E. C. (2010). Obsessive-compulsive disorder and its related disorders: a reappraisal of obsessive-compulsive spectrum concepts.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 12(2), 131.
Saul McLeod, PhD
BSc (Hons) Psychology, MRes, PhD, University of Manchester
Saul McLeod, PhD., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years of experience in further and higher education. He has been published in peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Clinical Psychology.
Julia Simkus
BA (Hons) Psychology, Princeton University
Julia Simkus is a graduate of Princeton University with a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology. She is currently studying for a Master’s Degree in Counseling for Mental Health and Wellness in September 2023. Julia’s research has been published in peer reviewed journals.
