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Psychedelicsare typically known as recreational drugs that induce hours-long episodes ofhallucinations. First gaining steam in the counterculture movement of the 1960s, many may associate these substances with those hoping to escape reality or artists wanting to enhance their creative process. However, that is a very limited view of psychedelics and how they are actually used these days.
While many choose to ingest these drugs recreationally, mental health professionals have begun researching the potential benefits of psychedelics. In turn, it is becoming increasingly apparent that psychedelics can have benefit for certain mental health concerns.
In addition to treating some mental illnesses, psychedelics are now being turned to for treatment of those living with a terminal illness. The hope is that these types of drugs can allay the fear, isolation, and pain associated with many terminal illnesses.
This article will explore the potential benefits of taking psychedelics while coping with a terminal illness.
What Are Psychedelics?
Psychedelics are hallucinogenic substances that cause individuals who ingest them to have altered perceptions of reality. The most common psychedelics that are used therapeutically includeketamine,MDMA,psilocybin(often referred to as magic mushrooms), andLSD(commonly known as acid).
Ketamineis an anesthetic that can cause users to dissociate from reality.
MDMA is a substance that is known for producing heightened sensory experiences and promoting positive emotions. This is largely due to its impact ondopamine,norepinephrine, andserotonin. These chemicals in our brain can stimulate feelings of connection and euphoria.
LSD, or acid, produces prolonged episodes of hallucination. Psilocybin, or mushrooms, also produces prolonged episodes of hallucinations and is particularly known for an altered perception of time and space.
Each of these substances is used inpsychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. This form of mental healthcare can potentially help treat issues such as:
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How Can Psychedelics Help With Terminal Illness?
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is also being considered for treating those suffering from terminal illnesses, such as incurable cancer. Those who are diagnosed with a terminal illness can often become severelydepressed. Furthermore, terminally ill people may also experience post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, such as hyperarousal (heightened sensitivity) and traumatic re-experiencing (internally experiencing the same trauma again).Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy could provide much-needed relief to those who are mentally and physically suffering.
It isn’t uncommon for terminally ill individuals to feel demoralized, existentially and spiritually depressed, devoid of hope, and even suicidal.
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy for terminally ill people may lead to increased clarity, insights, and a sense of connection. Deeplyspiritual insightsalso can occur during a session, which can assist terminally ill individuals in making meaning out of the pain they’re experiencing.
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is conducted in a comfortable and serene setting under the supervision of a mental health professional. Although treatment structure can vary, a single session lasting for several hours is common.
Outcomes of psychedelic treatment vary. Some report noticing symptoms ofanxietyand depression waning for a few weeks to a few months. Others find their symptoms permanently alleviated.
Key factors contributing to a positive treatment outcome include feeling connected to the clinician providing the treatment, preparation and education regarding the treatment process, and a soothing environment.
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Risks of Taking Psychedelics
There are risks associated with taking psychedelics as a terminally ill person. These agents can trigger adverse physical reactions such as nausea, vomiting, and blood pressure changes. They might also cause a “bad trip,” where the person taking the drugs experiences fear and paranoia rather than elation and connection.Therefore, psychedelics must be taken under the supervision of a trained clinician. Furthermore, anyone considering this type of treatment should take care to weigh out the benefits and risks with a medical professional.
This disorder can significantly disrupt one’s quality of life. However, the risk of developing this disorder is considered low when the drug is ingested under appropriate clinical supervision.
How to Get Started Safely
Currently, many psychedelics are still classified as illegal. If you are interested in exploring psychedelics for treating terminal illnesses, consider looking into a clinical trial.
Psychedelics are FDA-approved under certain clinical trials, making this a safe and legal way to receive this type of treatment. TheMultidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS)is an organization that is spearheading research on psychedelic treatments and is conductingclinical trials. Even if you aren’t sure if this treatment is for you, reaching out to them can help provide further clarity.
Experiencing terminal illness can be profoundly upsetting, isolating, and painful. It can be hard to find others who understand the emotional experience you’re having. It can lead to feelings of depression, hopelessness, and despair.
You don’t have to suffer in silence. It is essential to access mental health treatment so you can explore all treatment options. Ask your physician for support,reach out to a mental health professional, or dial 988 to get connected to resources.
10 Sources
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Schenberg EE.Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: a paradigm shift in psychiatric research and development.Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:733. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00733
National Institute on Drug Abuse.Commonly Used Drugs Chart
National Institute on Drug Abuse.MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly) Drug Facts.
National Institute on Drug Abuse.Hallucinogens Drug Facts.
Byock I.Taking psychedelics seriously.J. Palliat. Med. 2018;21(4):417-421. doi:10.1089/jpm.2017.0684
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Husain MI, Umer M, Mulsant BH.Can the revival of serotonergic psychedelic drugs as treatments for mental disorders help to characterize their risks and benefits?Expert Opin. Drug Saf. 2022;21(6):721-724. doi:10.1080/14740338.2022.2063274
Orsolini L, Papanti GD, De Berardis D, Guirguis A, Corkery JM, Schifano F.The “endless trip” among the nps users: psychopathology and psychopharmacology in the hallucinogen-persisting perception disorder. A systematic review.Front Psychiatry. 2017;0. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00240
Hannah Owens, LMSW
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