If you are ready to quit smoking, there are many tips that can help you stick to your goals. We all want this quit-smoking attempt to bethequit—the one that lasts us a lifetime. We’re looking for permanent freedom fromnicotine addictionwhen we stub out the last cigarette and begin toheal our bodies.Making a plan, being patient with yourself, and staying positive can help. It’s also important to ensure you take care of yourself, avoid other bad habits, and manage your stress effectively.At a GlanceLuckily, there are many tips and strategies that can help you quit smoking and make it stick. By learning what you should (and shouldn’t) do when trying to quit and educating yourself about what happens when you stop smoking, you can ensure you are successful in your smoking cessation plans. Keep reading to explore great tips to help you quit smoking for good.2:04Helpful Tips For Quitting Smoking
If you are ready to quit smoking, there are many tips that can help you stick to your goals. We all want this quit-smoking attempt to bethequit—the one that lasts us a lifetime. We’re looking for permanent freedom fromnicotine addictionwhen we stub out the last cigarette and begin toheal our bodies.
Making a plan, being patient with yourself, and staying positive can help. It’s also important to ensure you take care of yourself, avoid other bad habits, and manage your stress effectively.
At a GlanceLuckily, there are many tips and strategies that can help you quit smoking and make it stick. By learning what you should (and shouldn’t) do when trying to quit and educating yourself about what happens when you stop smoking, you can ensure you are successful in your smoking cessation plans. Keep reading to explore great tips to help you quit smoking for good.
At a Glance
Luckily, there are many tips and strategies that can help you quit smoking and make it stick. By learning what you should (and shouldn’t) do when trying to quit and educating yourself about what happens when you stop smoking, you can ensure you are successful in your smoking cessation plans. Keep reading to explore great tips to help you quit smoking for good.
2:04Helpful Tips For Quitting Smoking
2:04
Helpful Tips For Quitting Smoking
1Have a PlanPatcharanan Worrapatchareeroj / Getty ImagesA little preparation can help you get into the mindset toquit smokingand line up some tools to better manage the first week to 10 days after your last cigarette, which according to the American Lung Association, will be the hardest.Make an appointment for a physical.During the visit, let your healthcare provider know that you plan to quit smoking, and discuss which types ofnicotine replacement therapyor nicotine-free quit aids would work best for you.Learn about nicotine addiction. Smoking is more than just a “bad habit” that you can choose to stop at any time. Nicotine is an addictive drug that affects your brain chemistry.“Schedule” your quit date. In order to not lose momentum, it’s best to plan no more than a week or two ahead of time.Decide how you’ll quit. For example, you might choose “cold turkey” or a more gradual approach.Plan for cravings. Create a list of “craving busters,” or activities you can quickly use to shake your urge to smoke. A few examples: Go for a walk, drink a glass of water, work on a crossword puzzle, eat a piece of fruit, or call a friend.
1
Have a PlanPatcharanan Worrapatchareeroj / Getty ImagesA little preparation can help you get into the mindset toquit smokingand line up some tools to better manage the first week to 10 days after your last cigarette, which according to the American Lung Association, will be the hardest.Make an appointment for a physical.During the visit, let your healthcare provider know that you plan to quit smoking, and discuss which types ofnicotine replacement therapyor nicotine-free quit aids would work best for you.Learn about nicotine addiction. Smoking is more than just a “bad habit” that you can choose to stop at any time. Nicotine is an addictive drug that affects your brain chemistry.“Schedule” your quit date. In order to not lose momentum, it’s best to plan no more than a week or two ahead of time.Decide how you’ll quit. For example, you might choose “cold turkey” or a more gradual approach.Plan for cravings. Create a list of “craving busters,” or activities you can quickly use to shake your urge to smoke. A few examples: Go for a walk, drink a glass of water, work on a crossword puzzle, eat a piece of fruit, or call a friend.
Have a Plan
Patcharanan Worrapatchareeroj / Getty Images
A little preparation can help you get into the mindset toquit smokingand line up some tools to better manage the first week to 10 days after your last cigarette, which according to the American Lung Association, will be the hardest.
2Talk to Your DoctorYou should also talk to your doctor about your quit-smoking plans. They can prescribe medications that may help you stick to your smoke-free goals.Prescription medications that can help includeZyban(bupropion) andChantix(varenicline).While the exact reasons are not clear, Zyban can help make nicotine less rewarding, which can help reduce your urge to smoke. Chantix also works to make smoking less pleasurable and rewarding.Research has shown that both bupropion and varenicline are effective for smoking cessation. One study found that varenicline was significantly more likely to lead to continuous abstinence from smoking than bupropion.Both medications can have side effects, so you should discuss with your doctor which option is right for you.
2
Talk to Your DoctorYou should also talk to your doctor about your quit-smoking plans. They can prescribe medications that may help you stick to your smoke-free goals.Prescription medications that can help includeZyban(bupropion) andChantix(varenicline).While the exact reasons are not clear, Zyban can help make nicotine less rewarding, which can help reduce your urge to smoke. Chantix also works to make smoking less pleasurable and rewarding.Research has shown that both bupropion and varenicline are effective for smoking cessation. One study found that varenicline was significantly more likely to lead to continuous abstinence from smoking than bupropion.Both medications can have side effects, so you should discuss with your doctor which option is right for you.
Talk to Your Doctor
You should also talk to your doctor about your quit-smoking plans. They can prescribe medications that may help you stick to your smoke-free goals.
Prescription medications that can help includeZyban(bupropion) andChantix(varenicline).
While the exact reasons are not clear, Zyban can help make nicotine less rewarding, which can help reduce your urge to smoke. Chantix also works to make smoking less pleasurable and rewarding.
Research has shown that both bupropion and varenicline are effective for smoking cessation. One study found that varenicline was significantly more likely to lead to continuous abstinence from smoking than bupropion.
Both medications can have side effects, so you should discuss with your doctor which option is right for you.
3
Consider Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products, such as thenicotine patch, lozenge, gum, and spray, can help people gradually decrease their nicotine intake and minimize withdrawal and cravings.
NRTs are short-acting and intended to be used over several weeks. You gradually reduce your dose until you are eventually able to stop using them.
4Be PatientIt is a natural tendency to quit smoking and expect to be over it within a month. That would be nice (very nice!), but it doesn’t work that way.When we quit smoking, we’re overcoming nicotine addiction (including physical and psychologicalwithdrawal) and letting go of a habit that most of us have carried for many years, if not all of our adult lives. It’s only fair to expect that breaking down the old associations that tied us to smoking and replacing them with new, healthier habits will take some time.Remember, smoking cessation is a process, not an event.Sit back, relax, and think of time as one of your best quit buddies. The more time you put between you and that last cigarette you smoked, the stronger you’ll become. Have patience with yourself, and with the process.
4
Be PatientIt is a natural tendency to quit smoking and expect to be over it within a month. That would be nice (very nice!), but it doesn’t work that way.When we quit smoking, we’re overcoming nicotine addiction (including physical and psychologicalwithdrawal) and letting go of a habit that most of us have carried for many years, if not all of our adult lives. It’s only fair to expect that breaking down the old associations that tied us to smoking and replacing them with new, healthier habits will take some time.Remember, smoking cessation is a process, not an event.Sit back, relax, and think of time as one of your best quit buddies. The more time you put between you and that last cigarette you smoked, the stronger you’ll become. Have patience with yourself, and with the process.
Be Patient
It is a natural tendency to quit smoking and expect to be over it within a month. That would be nice (very nice!), but it doesn’t work that way.
When we quit smoking, we’re overcoming nicotine addiction (including physical and psychologicalwithdrawal) and letting go of a habit that most of us have carried for many years, if not all of our adult lives. It’s only fair to expect that breaking down the old associations that tied us to smoking and replacing them with new, healthier habits will take some time.
Remember, smoking cessation is a process, not an event.
Sit back, relax, and think of time as one of your best quit buddies. The more time you put between you and that last cigarette you smoked, the stronger you’ll become. Have patience with yourself, and with the process.
5
Focus on the Present
Nicotine withdrawal plays mind games with us early on in smoking cessation. We think about smoking all of the time, and we worry that we’ll always miss our cigarettes.
For the new quitter, it can be paralyzing to think aboutnever lighting another cigarette. Thoughts like this, if left unchecked, can easily lead to a smoking relapse.
6
Stay Positive About Your Progress
It’s been said that the average person has approximately 66,000 thoughts on any given day and that two-thirds of them are negative. It will probably come as no surprise that we aim many of those negative thoughts directly at ourselves. Face it, we’re almost always our own worst critics.
Quitting is a process, and staying positive can help you endure the ups and downs as you work to reach your quit-smoking goals. Here are a few stay-positive strategies to add to your quit-smoking toolbox.
Successful long-term cessationalwaysstarts with our thoughts.
How Cognitive Reframing Works
7Take Care of YourselfEarly smoking cessation is a time when you should be taking extra care to make sure all of your physical needs are met. Taking care of your body, especially as you move through early cessation, will help you minimize the discomforts of nicotine withdrawal.The following list of tips will help you weather nicotine withdrawal more comfortably:Eat a well-balanced diet. Your body needs good-quality fuel now as it works to flush thetoxinsfrom cigarettes out of your system.Get more rest.Chances are, nicotine withdrawal will leave you feeling fatigued for a few weeks. If you’re tired, don’t fight it. Sleep more if you can. Nine times out of 10, you’ll wake up feeling 100% better the next day, and when you do, you’ll be grateful to still be smoke-free.Drink water.Water is a great quit aid. It helps you detox more quickly and works well as a craving buster. By keeping yourself hydrated, you’ll feel better overall.Exercise daily.Exercise benefits both physical and mental health, and it’s another good way to manage cravings to smoke. Walking is a low-impact aerobic workout that is a good choicefor those of us leading inactive lives. Be sure to check in with your doctor before starting a new exercise regimen.Take a daily multivitamin.Cigarettes deplete our bodies of many nutrients,so give yourself the boost that a good multivitamin provides for the first few months of smoking cessation. It may help you regain your energy more quickly.Remember, while nicotine withdrawal may not be a pain-free experience, it is atemporaryphase of recovery that we all have to go through to get through.
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Take Care of YourselfEarly smoking cessation is a time when you should be taking extra care to make sure all of your physical needs are met. Taking care of your body, especially as you move through early cessation, will help you minimize the discomforts of nicotine withdrawal.The following list of tips will help you weather nicotine withdrawal more comfortably:Eat a well-balanced diet. Your body needs good-quality fuel now as it works to flush thetoxinsfrom cigarettes out of your system.Get more rest.Chances are, nicotine withdrawal will leave you feeling fatigued for a few weeks. If you’re tired, don’t fight it. Sleep more if you can. Nine times out of 10, you’ll wake up feeling 100% better the next day, and when you do, you’ll be grateful to still be smoke-free.Drink water.Water is a great quit aid. It helps you detox more quickly and works well as a craving buster. By keeping yourself hydrated, you’ll feel better overall.Exercise daily.Exercise benefits both physical and mental health, and it’s another good way to manage cravings to smoke. Walking is a low-impact aerobic workout that is a good choicefor those of us leading inactive lives. Be sure to check in with your doctor before starting a new exercise regimen.Take a daily multivitamin.Cigarettes deplete our bodies of many nutrients,so give yourself the boost that a good multivitamin provides for the first few months of smoking cessation. It may help you regain your energy more quickly.Remember, while nicotine withdrawal may not be a pain-free experience, it is atemporaryphase of recovery that we all have to go through to get through.
Take Care of Yourself
Early smoking cessation is a time when you should be taking extra care to make sure all of your physical needs are met. Taking care of your body, especially as you move through early cessation, will help you minimize the discomforts of nicotine withdrawal.
The following list of tips will help you weather nicotine withdrawal more comfortably:
Remember, while nicotine withdrawal may not be a pain-free experience, it is atemporaryphase of recovery that we all have to go through to get through.
8
Avoid Alcohol
Alcohol and tobacco go hand-in-hand, with studies showing high relapse rates in people with alcohol use disorders.
Even if you just drink occasionally, putting yourself into asocial settingwhere you’re tempted to drink alcohol too soon after quitting can be dangerous. Don’t rush it. New quitters are tender. The time will come when you can have a drink without it triggering the urge to smoke, but don’t expect that to be within the first month, or perhaps even the first few months.
We’re all a little different in how we move through the process of kicking nicotine addiction, so relax any preconceived notions you might have about how long recovery should take. Instead, focus on your own situation.
If there is an engagement coming up that involves alcohol and you feel nervous about that, take it as a signal to proceed with caution. Consider postponing until you’re feeling stronger. And if that’s not an option, work out a plan ahead of time for how you’ll manage the event smoke-free.
Keep your quit program in the top slot of your list of priorities for as long as it takes. You should do whatever you need to do to maintain your “smobriety.”
9
Find Ways to Manage Stress
We’ve talked about taking care not to neglect our physical health while going through nicotine withdrawal, but our emotional well-being is every bit as important. Stress and anger are probably two of the biggest smoking triggers we face, and they can build up and threaten our quit programs if we’re not careful.
Early cessation creates its own tension, and that can be overwhelming when paired with the stresses of daily life if you let it be. Don’t let yourself get run down to the point of exhaustion, and take time every single day to relieve stress with an activity that you enjoy.
Here are a few relaxing activities to try to help you better manage the stress of quitting smoking:
10Ask for HelpStatistics show that people who quit smoking with a healthy support system in place have a much higher rate of long-term success with smoking cessation. In addition to the support you might receive from friends and family, consider adding some online support to your quit program.Support groupscan be a great way to find encouragement and resources that will help you stay on track as you work toward your goals. Such groups can be in-person, but there are also many online support groups, forums, social media groups, and discussion boards that you may find helpful.
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Ask for HelpStatistics show that people who quit smoking with a healthy support system in place have a much higher rate of long-term success with smoking cessation. In addition to the support you might receive from friends and family, consider adding some online support to your quit program.Support groupscan be a great way to find encouragement and resources that will help you stay on track as you work toward your goals. Such groups can be in-person, but there are also many online support groups, forums, social media groups, and discussion boards that you may find helpful.
Ask for Help
Statistics show that people who quit smoking with a healthy support system in place have a much higher rate of long-term success with smoking cessation. In addition to the support you might receive from friends and family, consider adding some online support to your quit program.
Support groupscan be a great way to find encouragement and resources that will help you stay on track as you work toward your goals. Such groups can be in-person, but there are also many online support groups, forums, social media groups, and discussion boards that you may find helpful.
11Stick With ItMany a good quit program has been lost to thoughts of being able to smoke “just a little.” Don’t fall for it. The only way to keep the beast at bay is to keep nicotine out of your system.The longer you go without nicotine in your body, the easier it will be to stay nicotine-free.If you decide to go ahead and smoke just one cigarette, or for just one night, chances are you’ll be back smoking again. You may even find yourself smoking more than you used to.When it comes to smoking cessation, there isno such thing as just onecigarette. They travel in packs.Just as success with smoking cessation begins in the mind, so does a smoking relapse. If unhealthy thoughts of smoking come up, and you can’t shake them, it’s time to renew your resolve.
11
Stick With ItMany a good quit program has been lost to thoughts of being able to smoke “just a little.” Don’t fall for it. The only way to keep the beast at bay is to keep nicotine out of your system.The longer you go without nicotine in your body, the easier it will be to stay nicotine-free.If you decide to go ahead and smoke just one cigarette, or for just one night, chances are you’ll be back smoking again. You may even find yourself smoking more than you used to.When it comes to smoking cessation, there isno such thing as just onecigarette. They travel in packs.Just as success with smoking cessation begins in the mind, so does a smoking relapse. If unhealthy thoughts of smoking come up, and you can’t shake them, it’s time to renew your resolve.
Stick With It
Many a good quit program has been lost to thoughts of being able to smoke “just a little.” Don’t fall for it. The only way to keep the beast at bay is to keep nicotine out of your system.The longer you go without nicotine in your body, the easier it will be to stay nicotine-free.
If you decide to go ahead and smoke just one cigarette, or for just one night, chances are you’ll be back smoking again. You may even find yourself smoking more than you used to.
When it comes to smoking cessation, there isno such thing as just onecigarette. They travel in packs.
Just as success with smoking cessation begins in the mind, so does a smoking relapse. If unhealthy thoughts of smoking come up, and you can’t shake them, it’s time to renew your resolve.
12
Keep Up Your Motivation
Smoking cessation is a journey. Take itone simple day at a time, and you’ll find that what started out as a difficult task soon enough becomes an enjoyable challenge.
If you or a loved one are struggling with substance use or addiction, contact theSubstance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helplineat1-800-662-4357for information on support and treatment facilities in your area.For more mental health resources, see ourNational Helpline Database.Best Non-Medical Ways to Quit Smoking
If you or a loved one are struggling with substance use or addiction, contact theSubstance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helplineat1-800-662-4357for information on support and treatment facilities in your area.For more mental health resources, see ourNational Helpline Database.
If you or a loved one are struggling with substance use or addiction, contact theSubstance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helplineat1-800-662-4357for information on support and treatment facilities in your area.
For more mental health resources, see ourNational Helpline Database.
Best Non-Medical Ways to Quit Smoking
10 SourcesVerywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.American Lung Association.What to expect when quitting.Patel AR, Panchal JR, Desai CK.Efficacy of varenicline versus bupropion for smoking cessation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Indian J Psychiatry. 2023;65(5):526-533. doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_218_22Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin SC, Ye W, Bullen C, Lancaster T.Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;5(5):CD000146. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub5Jackson KJ, Muldoon PP, De Biasi M, Damaj MI.New mechanisms and perspectives in nicotine withdrawal.Neuropharmacology. 2015;96(Pt B):223-34. doi10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.009.Sharath SE, Lee M, Kougias P, Taylor WC, Zamani N, Barshes NR.Successful smoking cessation associated with walking behavior in patients with claudication.Ann Vasc Surg. 2019;56:287-293. doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2018.09.017Prasad S, Kaisar MA, Cucullo L.Unhealthy smokers: Scopes for prophylactic intervention and clinical treatment.BMC Neurosci. 2017;18(1):70. doi:10.1186/s12868-017-0388-6Beard E, West R, Michie S, Brown J.Association between smoking and alcohol-related behaviours: a time-series analysis of population trends in England.Addiction. 2017;112(10):1832-1841. doi:10.1111/add.13887Lawless MH, Harrison KA, Grandits GA, Eberly LE, Allen SS.Perceived stress and smoking-related behaviors and symptomatology in male and female smokers.Addict Behav. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.011Moskowitz JM, Mcdonnell DD, Kazinets G, Lee HJ.Online smoking cessation program for Korean Americans: Randomized trial to test effects of incentives for program completion and interim surveys.Prev Med. 2016;86:70-6. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.01.019Benowitz NL.Nicotine addiction.N Engl J Med. 2010;362(24):2295-303. 2010. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0809890
10 Sources
Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.American Lung Association.What to expect when quitting.Patel AR, Panchal JR, Desai CK.Efficacy of varenicline versus bupropion for smoking cessation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Indian J Psychiatry. 2023;65(5):526-533. doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_218_22Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin SC, Ye W, Bullen C, Lancaster T.Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;5(5):CD000146. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub5Jackson KJ, Muldoon PP, De Biasi M, Damaj MI.New mechanisms and perspectives in nicotine withdrawal.Neuropharmacology. 2015;96(Pt B):223-34. doi10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.009.Sharath SE, Lee M, Kougias P, Taylor WC, Zamani N, Barshes NR.Successful smoking cessation associated with walking behavior in patients with claudication.Ann Vasc Surg. 2019;56:287-293. doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2018.09.017Prasad S, Kaisar MA, Cucullo L.Unhealthy smokers: Scopes for prophylactic intervention and clinical treatment.BMC Neurosci. 2017;18(1):70. doi:10.1186/s12868-017-0388-6Beard E, West R, Michie S, Brown J.Association between smoking and alcohol-related behaviours: a time-series analysis of population trends in England.Addiction. 2017;112(10):1832-1841. doi:10.1111/add.13887Lawless MH, Harrison KA, Grandits GA, Eberly LE, Allen SS.Perceived stress and smoking-related behaviors and symptomatology in male and female smokers.Addict Behav. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.011Moskowitz JM, Mcdonnell DD, Kazinets G, Lee HJ.Online smoking cessation program for Korean Americans: Randomized trial to test effects of incentives for program completion and interim surveys.Prev Med. 2016;86:70-6. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.01.019Benowitz NL.Nicotine addiction.N Engl J Med. 2010;362(24):2295-303. 2010. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0809890
Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
American Lung Association.What to expect when quitting.Patel AR, Panchal JR, Desai CK.Efficacy of varenicline versus bupropion for smoking cessation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Indian J Psychiatry. 2023;65(5):526-533. doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_218_22Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin SC, Ye W, Bullen C, Lancaster T.Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;5(5):CD000146. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub5Jackson KJ, Muldoon PP, De Biasi M, Damaj MI.New mechanisms and perspectives in nicotine withdrawal.Neuropharmacology. 2015;96(Pt B):223-34. doi10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.009.Sharath SE, Lee M, Kougias P, Taylor WC, Zamani N, Barshes NR.Successful smoking cessation associated with walking behavior in patients with claudication.Ann Vasc Surg. 2019;56:287-293. doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2018.09.017Prasad S, Kaisar MA, Cucullo L.Unhealthy smokers: Scopes for prophylactic intervention and clinical treatment.BMC Neurosci. 2017;18(1):70. doi:10.1186/s12868-017-0388-6Beard E, West R, Michie S, Brown J.Association between smoking and alcohol-related behaviours: a time-series analysis of population trends in England.Addiction. 2017;112(10):1832-1841. doi:10.1111/add.13887Lawless MH, Harrison KA, Grandits GA, Eberly LE, Allen SS.Perceived stress and smoking-related behaviors and symptomatology in male and female smokers.Addict Behav. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.011Moskowitz JM, Mcdonnell DD, Kazinets G, Lee HJ.Online smoking cessation program for Korean Americans: Randomized trial to test effects of incentives for program completion and interim surveys.Prev Med. 2016;86:70-6. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.01.019Benowitz NL.Nicotine addiction.N Engl J Med. 2010;362(24):2295-303. 2010. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0809890
American Lung Association.What to expect when quitting.
Patel AR, Panchal JR, Desai CK.Efficacy of varenicline versus bupropion for smoking cessation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Indian J Psychiatry. 2023;65(5):526-533. doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_218_22
Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin SC, Ye W, Bullen C, Lancaster T.Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;5(5):CD000146. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub5
Jackson KJ, Muldoon PP, De Biasi M, Damaj MI.New mechanisms and perspectives in nicotine withdrawal.Neuropharmacology. 2015;96(Pt B):223-34. doi10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.009.
Sharath SE, Lee M, Kougias P, Taylor WC, Zamani N, Barshes NR.Successful smoking cessation associated with walking behavior in patients with claudication.Ann Vasc Surg. 2019;56:287-293. doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2018.09.017
Prasad S, Kaisar MA, Cucullo L.Unhealthy smokers: Scopes for prophylactic intervention and clinical treatment.BMC Neurosci. 2017;18(1):70. doi:10.1186/s12868-017-0388-6
Beard E, West R, Michie S, Brown J.Association between smoking and alcohol-related behaviours: a time-series analysis of population trends in England.Addiction. 2017;112(10):1832-1841. doi:10.1111/add.13887
Lawless MH, Harrison KA, Grandits GA, Eberly LE, Allen SS.Perceived stress and smoking-related behaviors and symptomatology in male and female smokers.Addict Behav. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.011
Moskowitz JM, Mcdonnell DD, Kazinets G, Lee HJ.Online smoking cessation program for Korean Americans: Randomized trial to test effects of incentives for program completion and interim surveys.Prev Med. 2016;86:70-6. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.01.019
Benowitz NL.Nicotine addiction.N Engl J Med. 2010;362(24):2295-303. 2010. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0809890
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