If 2020 felt like the same year on repeat, 2021 was the year we started to shake off the cobwebs and sharpen our arsenal of mental health tools. After the initial shock of the pandemic, we quickly realized how important it was to find comfort and joy in the smallest of things, despite anoverall feeling of languishing. While they’re not a cure-all, the Verywell Mind team rounded up the things that helped us get through a particularly grueling time and continue to lift our spirits....

Close Edward Bradford Titchener, a student of Wilhelm Wundt, is often given credit for introducing the structuralist school of thought. While Wundt is sometimes identified as the founder of structuralism, Titchener theories differed in important ways from Wundt’s. While he was a dominant force in psychology during his lifetime, the school of thought he founded essentially died with him. Learn more about his life, career, and influence on psychology in this brief biography....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsBiographyWork and TheoriesContributions to PsychologyCriticisms Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Biography Work and Theories Contributions to Psychology Criticisms Close Edward Thorndike was an influential psychologist often referred to as the founder of moderneducational psychology. He was perhaps best known for his famous puzzle box experiments with cats, which led to the development of the law of effect. At a GlanceEdward Thorndike was an early psychologist who introduced the law of effect and became known as the founder of modern educational psychology....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsWhat Causes Anxiety at Night?SymptomsImpactCopingTreatmentsFrequently Asked Questions Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents What Causes Anxiety at Night? Symptoms Impact Coping Treatments Frequently Asked Questions Close Anxiety at night can stem from various sources. Since there are fewer distractions at night, you may find yourself focusing on your worries about work, family, or money. Then, there is the stress and worry that happens when you get anxious about not being able to fall asleep....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsHow Cannabis Affects AnxietyRisksLegal ConsiderationsAlternativesHow to Get Help for Cannabis Use Disorder Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents How Cannabis Affects Anxiety Risks Legal Considerations Alternatives How to Get Help for Cannabis Use Disorder Close What is the most important information I should know about TCH for anxiety?THC can be addictive and is not FDA-approved to treat anxiety; there is not enough research to recommend its use as a treatment....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsEffects of Alcohol on the BrainHow Alcohol Affects FamiliesHow Families Can CopeSupport Groups for Family MembersGetting Help Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Effects of Alcohol on the Brain How Alcohol Affects Families How Families Can Cope Support Groups for Family Members Getting Help People who have an addiction to alcohol continue to engage in compulsive behaviors despite negative consequences.Many of these negative consequences affect the individual’s health and well-being, but family, friends, and other loved ones are also often affected as well....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsWhat Is Relationship Conflict?Conflict and HealthTypesCausesConflict ResolutionCoping With Conflict Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents What Is Relationship Conflict? Conflict and Health Types Causes Conflict Resolution Coping With Conflict Close Relationship conflict can be a significantsource of stress. When the conflict in your relationship is ongoing, it creates stress that can negatively affect the health and well-being of both you and your partner....

Narcissistic abuse is a type ofemotional abusewhere the abuser only cares about themselves and may use words and actions to manipulate their partner’s behavior and emotional state. Effects of narcissistic abuse can vary depending on how long one can endure these types of relationships. The effects range from mild to severe, with some survivors recovering while others may sustain lifelong damage.Here’s how narcissistic abuse can impact your life. Anxiety Many narcissistic abuse survivors live with anxiety....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsEffectsOccurrencePMS vs. PMDDThe Role of PMSTreatment and Management Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Effects Occurrence PMS vs. PMDD The Role of PMS Treatment and Management Close What are the effects of premenstrual symptoms (PMS) orpremenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD) onbipolar disorder? Let’s take a look at what studies tell us about premenstrual symptoms superimposed on bipolar disorder, how these symptoms can be distinguished from one another, some testimonies from women who have experienced this dreaded double duo of symptoms, and what can be done to manage the symptoms....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsOverviewFreud’s ObservationsDefense MechanismsQuotations About the EgoOther Meanings of Ego Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Overview Freud’s Observations Defense Mechanisms Quotations About the Ego Other Meanings of Ego Close According toSigmund Freud, the ego is part of our personality that mediates the demands ofthe id, the superego, and reality. Freud described the id as the most basic part of personality that urges people to fulfill their most primal needs....

On This Page:ToggleCan You Train Your Brain to Get a Photographic Memory?Skepticism of Eidetic MemorySources On This Page:Toggle On This Page: Eidetic memory refers to the ability to vividly recall images from memory after only a few instances of exposure, with high accuracy for a short time after exposure, without using a memory aid. Photographic memory, though often used interchangeably with eidetic memory, implies the ability to recall extensive details, like entire pages of text, with high precision....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsThe Science Behind Eidetic MemoryEidetic Memory vs. Regular MemoryIs Eidetic Memory Real?Examples of People Said to Have Eidetic MemoryTechniques to Improve Memory Recall Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents The Science Behind Eidetic Memory Eidetic Memory vs. Regular Memory Is Eidetic Memory Real? Examples of People Said to Have Eidetic Memory Techniques to Improve Memory Recall Close The ability to recall memories can differ from one person to another....

Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Best Known For Early Life and Education Career Contributions to Psychology Close She went on to become a prominent figure who has had a lasting influence on the field of psychology. How We Use Selective Attention to Filter Information and Focus Some of her best-known publications date back to the 1950s as well as much more recent works. One of her earliest texts on the subject of child development was “Patterns of Child-Rearing,” published in 1957....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsTypesTechniquesUsesBenefitsEffectivenessThings to ConsiderHow to Get Started Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Types Techniques Uses Benefits Effectiveness Things to Consider How to Get Started Close Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a form of psychiatric treatment that involves inducing seizures with the use of electrical stimulation while an individual is under general anesthesia. An estimated 100,000 people in the US have ECT each year....

Close “Eyewitnesses who point their finger at innocent defendants are not liars, for they genuinely believe in the truth of their testimony…that’s the frightening part—the truly horrifying idea that what we think we know, what we believe with all our hearts, is not necessarily the truth."—Elizabeth Loftus,Psychology Today, 1996 Best Known For Elizabeth Loftus is a contemporarypsychologistwho is acclaimed for her research in memory. She is best known for her work in these areas:...