CBT is based on the idea that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors all interact and influence one another. For example, a situation leads to certain automatic thoughts, which then generate related emotions that drive behaviors, which reinforce thought patterns. CBT aims to help people identify and shift unhelpful thoughts and behaviors to improve how they feel. Techniques target and gradually reshape longstanding patterns around perceptions of self, world, and others....

Key Points Rationale Previous research indicates that self-criticism may contribute to psychotic symptom maintenance, frequency, and distress (Louise et al., 2018). In contrast, self-compassion may have a protective effect (Braehler et al., 2013). However, less research has examined associations between self-criticism, self-compassion, and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), specifically in nonclinical populations. As PLEs may signify a risk for developing clinical psychosis or other mental health issues, further investigating factors associated with them has value for informing early interventions (Kelleher et al....

An emotional Stroop test is a variation of theclassic Stroop taskthat measures interference in reaction times when color-naming emotionally salient words. Implicit and explicit awareness Implicit awareness refers to an unconscious, automatic form of knowledge that exists below the surface of deliberate conscious understanding. People may retain implicit awareness of deficits even after explicit, self-reported awareness of their condition fades. In contrast, explicit awareness represents conscious, declarative knowledge of one’s status....

On This Page:ToggleComponentsImproving Active ListeningBarriersBenefitsFAQsReferences On This Page:Toggle On This Page: Active listening is more than ‘hearing’ someone’s words. It means fully attuning to the feelings and views of the speaker, demonstrating unbiased acceptance and validation of their experience (Nelson-Jones, 2014). When we practice active listening, we pay attention to what is being communicated both verbally and nonverbally, focussing on the content of the message but also on the interpretation of theemotionsconveyed through it and the body language....

Key Points Rationale Prior research shows personality traits and socioeconomic factors are associated with cognitive function (Chapman et al., 2017; Zeki Al Hazzouri et al., 2011), but few studies look at changes in these predictors (Mueller et al., 2016). Examining developmental trajectories can clarify when risk and protective factors for cognitive health emerge. Method Sample Statistical Analysis Results Here are the results for each research question: Are the trajectories of Big Five traits across middle adulthood associated with later cognitive function?...

On This Page:ToggleConscientiousnessAgreeablenessExtraversionOpenness to ExperienceNeuroticismNew InsightsCritical Evaluation On This Page:Toggle On This Page: big 5 personality The Big Five Personality Traits, also known as OCEAN or CANOE, are a psychological model that describes five broad dimensions of personality: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. These traits are believed to be relatively stable throughout an individual’s lifetime. Each trait represents a continuum. Individuals can fall anywhere on the continuum for each trait....

Tired sad woman sits near the cradle with a newborn baby. The young mother is on the floor and hugs her knees Key Points Rationale The transition to motherhood is profoundly difficult for working women in ways that organizational research has overlooked (Ladge & Greenberg, 2015). Up to 20% of new mothers experience postpartum depression (O’Hara & McCabe, 2013), a work-life shock event with significant symptoms. However, research on PPD in organizations is limited despite its critical implications for working mothers....

On This Page:ToggleSummary TableBasic AssumptionsHumanistic Theory of PersonalityHistorical TimelineIssues and DebatesCritical Evaluation On This Page:Toggle On This Page: Humanistic, humanism, and humanist are terms in psychology relating to an approach that studies the whole person and the uniqueness of each individual. Essentially, these terms refer to the same approach in psychology. Humanistic psychology is a perspective that emphasizes looking at the the whole person, and the uniqueness of each individual. Humanistic psychology begins with the existential assumptions that people have free will and are motivated to acheive their potential and self-actualize....

On This Page:ToggleWhy Person-Centred Therapy?Person-Centered ApproachCore ConditionsTechniquesContemporary BranchesTraining And SupervisionConclusion On This Page:Toggle On This Page: His view differs sharply from thepsychodynamicand behavioral approaches in that he suggested that clients would be better helped if they were encouraged to focus on their current subjective understanding rather than on some unconscious motive or someone else’s interpretation of the situation. Why Person-Centred Therapy? “It is that the individual has within himself or herself vast resources for self-understanding, for altering his or her self-concept, attitudes and self-directed behavior – and that these resources can be tapped if only a definable climate of facilitative psychological attitudes can be provided” (1980, p....

On This Page:ToggleBehaviorist TheoryPsychodynamic TheoryCognitive Explanation of DepressionLearned HelplessnessHumanist Approach On This Page:Toggle On This Page: Depression is amood disorderthat prevents individuals from leading a normal life at work, socially, or within their family. Seligman (1973) referred to depression as the ‘common cold’ of psychiatry because of its frequency of diagnosis. Depending on how data are gathered and how diagnoses are made, as many as 27% of some population groups may be suffering from depression at any one time (NIMH, 2001; data for older adults)....

On This Page:ToggleAspectsSelf-ImageActual SelfSelf-EsteemIdeal Self On This Page:Toggle On This Page: The self-concept is a general term for how someone thinks about, evaluates, or perceives themselves. To be aware of oneself is to have a concept of oneself.It’s formed through experiences, interactions, and reflections, and plays a pivotal role in influencing behavior, emotions, and interpersonal relationships. A healthy self-concept promotes well-being, while a negative one can lead to emotional and social challenges....

You may have heard talk about a teen mental health crisis in the US, and unfortunately this isn’t just talk. Data and the observations of Talkspace therapists show that many teens are not okay. According to thelatest CDC data, 42% of high school students reported feeling very sad or hopeless and in a survey of Talkspace providers who work with teens, 63% report that they believe the mental health of high schoolers has gotten worse over the past two years (and only 8% say it has improved)....

The main difference between quantitative and qualitative research is the type of data they collect and analyze. Quantitative data is information about quantities, and therefore numbers, and qualitative data is descriptive, and regards phenomenon which can be observed but not measured, such as language. On This Page:ToggleWhat Is Qualitative Research?Qualitative MethodsExamplesData AnalysisKey FeaturesLimitationsAdvantagesWhat Is Quantitative Research?Quantitative MethodsExamplesData AnalysisKey FeaturesLimitationsAdvantages On This Page:Toggle On This Page: What Is Qualitative Research? Qualitative researchis the process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting non-numerical data, such as language....

On This Page:ToggleWhat Is Anorexia?SymptomsHow Symptoms are ExperiencedDemographics On This Page:Toggle On This Page: In individuals with anorexia, the distorted perception of body image causes them to perceive themselves as overweight or fat, even when they are objectively underweight. This mismatch between perceived and actual body size contributes to the maintenance and severity of anorexia nervosa. What Is Anorexia? People with anorexia tend to place significant value on controlling their weight, shape, and size, often using extreme measures to prevent weight gain or to continue losing weight....

Growing up today is tough. Many teens today feel overwhelmed with academic pressures, sports, friends and social circles, and navigating the digital world. Even before the pandemic,research showedthat anxiety and depression were the number 1 problem teens experience — in fact, over 70% of teenagers said it was a “major” concern. The problem has only worsened since COVID.The American Psychological Association (APA)recently reportedthat COVID-related stress caused anxiety symptoms to soar during and after the pandemic....